ATP and how it releases energy, how long ATP stores last, the three energy systems, the anaerobic ATP-PC system with its duration, advantages and drawbacks, and the 100 m sprint, the tennis rally and endurance events.

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Key term

What is ATP, and how does it release energy for contraction?

Key term

What is ATP?

Key term

How does ATP release energy for muscle contraction?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is ATP?
Model answer
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the only immediate source of energy for muscle contraction. ATP is stored in small amounts in every muscle cell.
2
How does ATP release energy for muscle contraction?
Model answer
ATP is broken down into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a phosphate. The energy held in the broken bond is released for contraction.
3
How long do the muscle's ATP stores last during maximal exercise?
Model answer
The stored ATP lasts only about 2 to 3 seconds of maximal work. ATP must be resynthesised continuously for exercise to continue.
4
Name the three energy systems that resynthesise ATP.
Model answer
The three are the ATP-PC system, the lactic acid system and the aerobic system. The lactic acid system is also called anaerobic glycolysis.
5
How does the ATP-PC system resynthesise ATP?
Model answer
Creatine phosphate, also called phosphocreatine, is broken down in the muscle to release energy. The energy rebuilds ATP from ADP and phosphate.
6
Why is the ATP-PC system described as anaerobic?
Model answer
The ATP-PC system needs no oxygen to resynthesise ATP. Energy is therefore available immediately.

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