Key term
WJEC A-Level Physical Education 601-8485-1
Performance Analysis and Fitness Testing
Levers and Movement Analysis
Joints and the Musculo-Skeletal System
Components of Fitness and Methods of Training
Energy Systems and Principles of Training
Fatigue, Recovery and Rehabilitation
Diet, Nutrition and Hydration
Personality
Stress, Arousal and Anxiety
Motivation and Self-Efficacy
Skill, Ability and Skill Classification
Learning Curves, Theories and Stages
Transfer, Practice, Guidance and Feedback
Sport, Culture and Society
The Emergence of Modern Sport
Social Differentiation in Sport
Short-Term Responses to Exercise
Long-Term Adaptations to Exercise
Carbohydrate Loading and Supplements
Biomechanical Principles
Linear and Angular Motion
Projectile Motion and Fluid Mechanics
Attitudes
Aggression
Social Facilitation
Group Dynamics and Leadership
Attribution Theory
Information Processing and Memory
Ethics, Deviance and Doping
Sport and the Mass Media
Commercialisation and Globalisation
Fatigue, Recovery and Rehabilitation
Warm-up and cool-down
- 3 things to know
- AS Unit 1
Overview
How a warm-up raises muscle temperature, speeds nerve impulses, increases blood flow and prepares a performer mentally, and how a cool-down removes lactic acid and re-saturates myoglobin, with sprinter and jogger warm-ups.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
How does a warm-up raise muscle temperature, and why does this help?
Key term
How does a warm-up affect the speed of nerve impulses?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How does a warm-up raise muscle temperature, and why does this help?
Model answer
Light exercise raises muscle temperature. Warmer muscle fibres are more elastic, so they contract faster and are less likely to tear.
- 2
How does a warm-up affect the speed of nerve impulses?
Model answer
Nerve impulses travel faster in warm tissue. Muscles are stimulated more quickly, improving reaction and contraction speed.
- 3
How does a warm-up affect blood flow to the muscles?
Model answer
A warm-up dilates the blood vessels supplying the working muscles. More oxygen reaches the muscles.
- 4
Why does a warm-up reduce the risk of injury?
Model answer
Warm, elastic muscles and tendons stretch further without tearing. Joints are also better lubricated.
- 5
What should a warm-up include?
Model answer
A warm-up should include a pulse raiser, stretching and sport-specific practice. The activities should build in intensity.
- 6
How does a warm-up prepare a performer mentally?
Model answer
A warm-up focuses attention and helps control arousal. The performer feels ready to compete.
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