Key term
WJEC A-Level Physical Education 601-8485-1
Performance Analysis and Fitness Testing
Levers and Movement Analysis
Joints and the Musculo-Skeletal System
Components of Fitness and Methods of Training
Energy Systems and Principles of Training
Fatigue, Recovery and Rehabilitation
Diet, Nutrition and Hydration
Personality
Stress, Arousal and Anxiety
Motivation and Self-Efficacy
Skill, Ability and Skill Classification
Learning Curves, Theories and Stages
Transfer, Practice, Guidance and Feedback
Sport, Culture and Society
The Emergence of Modern Sport
Social Differentiation in Sport
Short-Term Responses to Exercise
Long-Term Adaptations to Exercise
Carbohydrate Loading and Supplements
Biomechanical Principles
Linear and Angular Motion
Projectile Motion and Fluid Mechanics
Attitudes
Aggression
Social Facilitation
Group Dynamics and Leadership
Attribution Theory
Information Processing and Memory
Ethics, Deviance and Doping
Sport and the Mass Media
Commercialisation and Globalisation
Short-Term Responses to Exercise
Blood vessels, blood pressure and the vascular shunt
- 3 things to know
- A2 Unit 3
Overview
Arteries, veins, capillaries and arterioles, blood pressure and cardiac output, systolic and diastolic pressure, the vascular shunt and vasomotor centre, pre-capillary sphincters, the muscle and respiratory pumps, and skin and brain blood flow.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
How is the structure of an artery suited to its function?
Key term
How is the structure of a vein suited to its function?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How is the structure of an artery suited to its function?
Model answer
Arteries have thick walls of smooth muscle and elastic tissue. The walls withstand high pressure and stretch and recoil with each heartbeat.
- 2
How is the structure of a vein suited to its function?
Model answer
Veins have thinner walls and a wider lumen than arteries. Pocket valves in veins stop blood flowing backwards at low pressure.
- 3
How is the structure of a capillary suited to its function?
Model answer
Capillary walls are only one cell thick. The thin walls give a short diffusion distance for gases and nutrients.
- 4
What are arterioles?
Model answer
Arterioles are small arteries that lead into capillary beds. Smooth muscle in arteriole walls narrows or widens them to control blood flow.
- 5
What is blood pressure?
Model answer
Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of the blood vessels. Blood pressure is highest in the arteries and lowest in the veins.
- 6
How is blood pressure linked to cardiac output?
Model answer
Blood pressure equals cardiac output multiplied by resistance to flow. A rise in cardiac output during exercise raises blood pressure.
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