Herzberg and Mayo on motivation

Overview

Herzberg's hygiene factors and motivators, Mayo and the Hawthorne studies, the Hawthorne effect and human relations, and applying and criticising both theories.

What you need to know

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Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   What is Herzberg's two-factor theory?

   Model answer

   Herzberg's two-factor theory, published in 1959, divides workplace factors into hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction, while motivators create satisfaction.

2. 2

   What are hygiene factors?

   Model answer

   Hygiene factors are aspects of work that cause dissatisfaction if poor but do not motivate when good. Pay, working conditions, company policy, supervision and job security are examples.

3. 3

   What are motivators in Herzberg's theory?

   Model answer

   Motivators are factors that create real satisfaction and effort. Achievement, recognition, responsibility, the work itself and advancement are examples.

4. 4

   According to Herzberg, why does a pay rise not motivate staff for long?

   Model answer

   Pay is a hygiene factor, so a rise removes dissatisfaction but does not create lasting motivation. Staff soon take the new pay level for granted.

5. 5

   Apply Herzberg's theory to motivate staff in a solicitors' practice.

   Model answer

   The practice should first ensure fair pay and good conditions to remove dissatisfaction. The practice should then give staff responsibility for their own cases and recognise their achievements.

6. 6

   Give two criticisms of Herzberg's theory.

   Model answer

   Herzberg's original study used a small sample of accountants and engineers. Some staff are clearly motivated by pay, which the theory plays down.

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