The skeleton, bone types and connective tissue

Overview

The functions of the skeleton, the axial and appendicular skeleton, long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid bones, ligaments, tendons, articular cartilage, the menisci and a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   What are the functions of the skeleton?

   Model answer

   The skeleton supports the body, protects organs and provides levers for movement. The skeleton also produces blood cells and stores minerals such as calcium.

2. 2

   How does the skeleton protect a performer's organs?

   Model answer

   The cranium protects the brain when heading a ball or in a fall. The ribs and sternum protect the heart and lungs from impacts in a rugby tackle.

3. 3

   How does the skeleton enable movement?

   Model answer

   Bones act as levers and joints act as pivots. Muscles attached to bones by tendons pull on them to create movement.

4. 4

   Why is blood cell production by the skeleton important to a performer?

   Model answer

   Red blood cells are made in the red bone marrow. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the working muscles.

5. 5

   What makes up the axial skeleton?

   Model answer

   The axial skeleton is the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum. The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and protects vital organs.

6. 6

   What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

   Model answer

   The appendicular skeleton is made up of the bones of the arms and legs. The shoulder and pelvic girdles that attach the limbs are also part of it.

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