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Bentham and Kant

Kant's Categorical Imperative and Religious Ethics

  • 4 things to know
  • Component 1

Overview

Recall questions on why Kant is deontological, the formulations of the categorical imperative and the good will, his postulates of God, freedom and immortality, and where Kant and Bentham meet religious ethics.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Define Kant's categorical imperative.

Key term

According to Kant, what gives an action moral worth?

Key term

Why did Kant argue that morality must be based on reason alone, and how might this conflict with religious ethics?

Process

State the two formulations of the categorical imperative and contrast them with hypothetical ones.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What makes Kant's ethics deontological rather than consequentialist?

    Model answer

    It judges the morality of an action based on whether it conforms to moral rules or duties, regardless of the consequences.

  2. 2

    Define Kant's categorical imperative.

    Model answer

    An unconditional moral obligation that applies universally to all rational beings.

  3. 3

    State the first formulation of Kant's categorical imperative.

    Model answer

    Act only according to a maxim that you could will to become a universal law.

  4. 4

    What is the second formulation of Kant's categorical imperative?

    Model answer

    Treat humanity, whether in yourself or others, always as an end and never merely as a means.

  5. 5

    How did Kant distinguish between hypothetical imperatives and categorical imperatives?

    Model answer

    Hypothetical imperatives are conditional on desires (if you want X, do Y), whereas categorical imperatives are unconditional moral commands that apply regardless of desires.

  6. 6

    According to Kant, what gives an action moral worth?

    Model answer

    Acting out of duty rather than inclination or self-interest.

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