Wealth, Tolerance, Free Will and Evaluation

Overview

Recall questions on wealth, tolerance and religious expression, the Mutazili and Ashari accounts of free will and kasb, conscience, and how Muslim ethics compares with Kant, Bentham, virtue ethics and secular challenges.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   What duties and prohibitions are involved in Muslim ethics on wealth, and what are their aims?

   Model answer

   Duties of zakat and prohibition of riba (usury) reflect deontological divine commands with teleological aims of social justice.

2. 2

   Through which ethical frameworks can Muslim approaches to tolerance be analysed?

   Model answer

   Virtue ethics (developing patience and mercy) and consequentialist considerations (social harmony).

3. 3

   What tension exists in Muslim responses to freedom of religious expression?

   Model answer

   Tension between deontological commands regarding apostasy and pluralist values in secular societies.

4. 4

   How do Mutazili and Ashari understandings of free will differ, and why does this matter for ethics?

   Model answer

   Mutazilis emphasise human freedom while Asharis emphasise divine determination; this affects moral responsibility.

5. 5

   What is the Mutazili position on free will, and what does it imply for moral responsibility?

   Model answer

   Humans have complete free will, which supports full moral responsibility for actions.

6. 6

   Explain the Ashari concept of kasb (acquisition).

   Model answer

   God creates actions but humans acquire responsibility for them through intention.

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