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Judaism: Dialogue with Ethics

Kant, Bentham and Jewish Ethics

  • 4 things to know
  • Component 2

Overview

Recall questions on Kant's categorical imperative and duty and how Jewish ethics shares yet differs from it, and on teleological ethics, Bentham's principle of utility and the factors of the hedonic calculus.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is the basis for judging the morality of an action in deontological ethics?

Key term

What is the key difference between the source of moral duties in Kantian deontology and Jewish ethics?

Key term

What principle defines the right action according to Bentham's utilitarianism?

Process

Contrast Kantian duty with obedience to the mitzvot, and define teleological ethics.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is the basis for judging the morality of an action in deontological ethics?

    Model answer

    Deontological ethics judges morality based on the action's adherence to rules or duties rather than its consequences.

  2. 2

    According to Kant, what does the categorical imperative require regarding the universalisability of actions?

    Model answer

    The categorical imperative commands that actions must be universalisable, one should act only according to principles that could become universal laws for everyone.

  3. 3

    How does Kant's categorical imperative require us to treat humanity?

    Model answer

    It requires treating humanity always as an end in itself, never merely as a means to an end.

  4. 4

    What motivation did Kant argue must underlie genuinely moral actions?

    Model answer

    Kant argued that moral actions must be performed from duty alone, not from inclination or self-interest.

  5. 5

    In what way does Jewish ethics share deontological features with Kantian ethics?

    Model answer

    Jewish ethics emphasises obedience to divine commandments (mitzvot) as moral duties, similar to Kant's emphasis on duty-based morality.

  6. 6

    What is the key difference between the source of moral duties in Kantian deontology and Jewish ethics?

    Model answer

    Jewish moral duties derive from divine command, whereas Kantian duties derive from autonomous human reason.

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