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Christianity: Dialogue with Ethics

Kant, Bentham, Virtue Ethics and Christian Ethics

  • 4 things to know
  • Component 2

Overview

Recall questions on Kant's categorical imperative, Bentham's utility and virtue ethics, and on whether Christian ethics is deontological through commandments and natural law or teleological through salvation and the kingdom.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is Kant's categorical imperative?

Key term

Explain the principle of 'the greatest happiness for the greatest number'.

Key term

In what way do absolute moral rules in Christianity suggest a deontological approach?

Process

Why must persons never be used merely as means, and what gives an act moral worth?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is Kant's categorical imperative?

    Model answer

    A deontological framework that provides unconditional moral commands that must be followed regardless of consequences or personal desires.

  2. 2

    Explain the universalisability principle in Kant's ethics.

    Model answer

    The principle that one should only act according to maxims that could be willed to become universal laws applicable to everyone in similar situations.

  3. 3

    What does Kant mean by treating persons as ends not means?

    Model answer

    That human beings should never be used merely as instruments for another's purposes, but always respected as rational agents with inherent dignity and worth.

  4. 4

    How does duty-based moral reasoning function in Kantian ethics?

    Model answer

    Actions are morally right when performed from a sense of duty to moral law, not from inclination or expected outcomes; the motive of duty alone gives moral worth.

  5. 5

    What is Bentham's principle of utility?

    Model answer

    The principle that actions are right insofar as they promote happiness and wrong insofar as they produce the opposite of happiness.

  6. 6

    What is the hedonic calculus and what is its purpose?

    Model answer

    A method devised by Bentham to measure pleasure and pain using criteria such as intensity, duration, certainty, and extent, to determine the moral value of actions.

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1 2:8-15.
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AExclusivism holds salvation is available only to Christians.
BInclusivism holds salvation is available through Christ to non-Christians.
CPluralism holds salvation is available through multiple religious paths.

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Olam Ha-Ba means the world to come.
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