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Judaism: Dialogue with Ethics

Consequences, Character and Jewish Ethics

  • 4 things to know
  • Component 2

Overview

Recall questions on teleological elements such as pikuach nephesh, virtue ethics beside middot, imitatio Dei and Maimonides' mean, and why Jewish ethics and the Beth Din resist a single framework.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

How might Jewish ethics appear teleological in its concern for outcomes?

Key term

What central question does virtue ethics ask about moral life?

Key term

What Aristotelian concept did Maimonides advocate in character development?

Process

Explain pikuach nephesh, and how utilitarianism and virtue ethics differ from Jewish ethics.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    How might Jewish ethics appear teleological in its concern for outcomes?

    Model answer

    Jewish ethics shows teleological concern through concepts like tikkun olam (repairing the world) and working towards the Messianic Age.

  2. 2

    What is pikuach nephesh and how does it demonstrate consequentialist reasoning in Judaism?

    Model answer

    Pikuach nephesh is the principle allowing suspension of most commandments to preserve human life, showing that outcomes (saving life) can override rules.

  3. 3

    Why does a tension exist between utilitarian ethics and traditional Jewish ethics?

    Model answer

    Utilitarianism calculates outcomes to determine morality, but Jewish ethics includes absolute divine commands that cannot be overridden by consequences.

  4. 4

    What is the primary focus of virtue ethics?

    Model answer

    Virtue ethics focuses on the development of moral character and virtues rather than on rules or consequences.

  5. 5

    What central question does virtue ethics ask about moral life?

    Model answer

    Virtue ethics asks what kind of person one should become rather than what specific actions one should perform.

  6. 6

    How did Aristotle believe virtues are cultivated, and what is their ultimate aim?

    Model answer

    Aristotle emphasised cultivating virtues through habituation to achieve eudaimonia (human flourishing).

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