Key term
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Aggression
Genetic factors in aggression
- 4 things to know
- Paper 3
Overview
The MAOA gene and its low-activity variant, the Brunner and Caspi findings, twin and adoption evidence on heritability, and the evaluation of genetic explanations.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Study
What did Brunner and Caspi find about MAOA and aggression?
Numbers
What do twin and adoption studies show about aggression's heritability?
Evaluation
Evaluate genetic explanations of aggression.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is meant by genetic factors in aggression?
Model answer
Inherited predispositions that may influence an individual's likelihood of displaying aggressive behaviour.
- 2
What does the MAOA gene code for?
Model answer
The enzyme monoamine oxidase A.
- 3
Which neurotransmitters does the MAO-A enzyme break down?
Model answer
Serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine.
- 4
How does the MAOA-L variant differ from the typical MAOA gene in terms of enzyme production?
Model answer
It produces lower levels of the MAO-A enzyme, leading to reduced breakdown of neurotransmitters associated with mood and aggression.
- 5
Why has the MAOA-L variant been termed the 'warrior gene'?
Model answer
Due to its association with increased aggressive behaviour in research studies.
- 6
What did Brunner et al. find when studying a Dutch family with abnormally aggressive males?
Model answer
The males had a mutation causing complete absence of MAOA enzyme activity.
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