Key term
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Data Handling and Analysis
Analysis and interpretation of correlation
- 4 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
The correlation coefficient, how its strength is banded, why correlation does not establish cause, and why a real relationship can still show no straight-line correlation.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Numbers
How is the strength of a correlation banded numerically?
Evaluation
Why does a correlation not prove that one variable causes another?
Evaluation
Why can two related variables show no straight-line correlation?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is correlation in statistical terms?
Model answer
A statistical measure that describes the strength and direction of the relationship between two co-variables.
- 2
Define a correlation coefficient.
Model answer
A numerical value that quantifies the strength and direction of a correlation, ranging from -1 to +1.
- 3
What does a correlation coefficient of +1 indicate?
Model answer
A perfect positive correlation where both variables increase together in exact proportion.
- 4
What does a correlation coefficient of -1 indicate about the relationship between two variables?
Model answer
A perfect negative correlation where one variable increases as the other decreases in exact proportion.
- 5
What does a correlation coefficient of 0 indicate?
Model answer
No correlation between the two variables.
- 6
How does the proximity of a correlation coefficient to +1 or -1 relate to the strength of the relationship?
Model answer
Correlation coefficients closer to +1 or -1 indicate stronger relationships, while those closer to 0 indicate weaker relationships.
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