Key term
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Research Methods
Experimental method
- 6 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Laboratory, field, natural and quasi-experiments, and what separates them in terms of setting and control over the independent variable.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What is a field experiment?
Key term
What is a natural experiment?
Key term
What is a quasi-experiment?
Evaluation
Give the main strengths and weaknesses of laboratory experiments.
Evaluation
Why is internal validity reduced in a quasi-experiment?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is a laboratory experiment?
Model answer
An experiment conducted in a controlled, artificial environment where the researcher manipulates the independent variable and controls extraneous variables.
- 2
In which type of experiment does the researcher have the most control over extraneous variables?
Model answer
Laboratory experiments.
- 3
What is a field experiment?
Model answer
An experiment conducted in a natural, real-world setting where the researcher still manipulates the independent variable but has less control over extraneous variables.
- 4
What happens to the control of extraneous variables when moving from a laboratory to a field setting?
Model answer
Control decreases because the natural environment contains more variables that the researcher cannot control.
- 5
What is a natural experiment?
Model answer
An experiment where the independent variable varies naturally without researcher manipulation, such as comparing children who experienced a natural disaster with those who did not.
- 6
If a researcher wanted to study the psychological effects of a factory closure on workers, what type of experiment would this be and why?
Model answer
A natural experiment, because the independent variable (factory closure) varies naturally without researcher manipulation.
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