Process
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Stress
The role of stress in illness
- 4 things to know
- Paper 3
Overview
How prolonged stress weakens immune functioning and damages the cardiovascular system, the research linking examinations to immune suppression, and why acute and chronic stress are separated.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Study
Which researchers linked examination periods to reduced immune functioning?
Process
How does chronic stress damage the cardiovascular system?
Evaluation
Why must acute and chronic stress be separated when studying illness?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is immunosuppression?
Model answer
The reduced functioning of the immune system.
- 2
What causes immunosuppression during periods of stress?
Model answer
Stress causes immunosuppression through the release of cortisol, which reduces immune system functioning.
- 3
How does cortisol suppress the immune system?
Model answer
Cortisol reduces the production of lymphocytes (white blood cells).
- 4
Which type of blood cell is reduced in production when cortisol levels are elevated?
Model answer
Lymphocytes (white blood cells).
- 5
Why does chronic stress have a more damaging effect on the immune system than short-term stress?
Model answer
Chronic stress leads to prolonged cortisol release, which inhibits the production and activity of immune cells over an extended period.
- 6
Which specific immune cells are inhibited by prolonged cortisol release during chronic stress?
Model answer
T-cells and natural killer cells.
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