What does the definition of 'deviation from ideal mental health' mean when classifying abnormality?

Abnormality is defined as the absence of criteria associated with optimal psychological wellbeing, such as self-actualisation, autonomy, accurate perception of reality, and resistance to stress.

In the context of ideal mental health, what is meant by self-actualisation?

Self-actualisation refers to realising one's full potential and achieving personal growth as a criterion for optimal psychological wellbeing.

How is autonomy defined as a criterion for ideal mental health?

Autonomy refers to being independent and self-regulating, able to make decisions without excessive reliance on others.

What does 'accurate perception of reality' mean as a criterion for ideal mental health?

It means having a realistic view of the world and oneself, without significant distortion of perception.

How is resistance to stress defined within the ideal mental health framework?

Resistance to stress refers to having effective coping mechanisms and the ability to manage anxiety and stressful situations.

What are positive self-attitudes in the context of ideal mental health?

Positive self-attitudes involve having high self-esteem and a positive sense of identity.

AQA A-Level Psychology 7182

Social Influence

Topic overview Types of conformity and explanations for conformity Conformity to social roles: Zimbardo's prison study Explanations for obedience Resistance to social influence Minority influence Social influence and social change

Memory

Topic overview The multi-store model of memory Types of long-term memory The working memory model Explanations for forgetting Factors affecting the accuracy of eyewitness testimony

Attachment

Topic overview Caregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchrony Schaffer's stages of attachment Multiple attachments and the role of the father Animal studies of attachment Explanations of attachment Ainsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachment Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisation Influence of early attachment on relationships Cultural variations in attachment

Approaches in Psychology

Topic overview Origins of Psychology: Wundt, introspection and the emergence of Psychology as a science Learning approaches The cognitive approach The biological approach The psychodynamic approach Humanistic Psychology Comparison of approaches

Biopsychology

Topic overview Divisions of the nervous system Structure and function of neurons and synaptic transmission The endocrine system The fight or flight response Ways of studying the brain Localisation of function and hemispheric lateralisation Plasticity and functional recovery of the brain after trauma Biological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian

Clinical Psychology and Mental Health

Topic overview Definitions in the field of mental health Characteristics of phobias, depression and OCD Behavioural approach to explaining and treating phobias Cognitive approach to explaining and treating depression Biological approach to explaining and treating OCD

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Quantitative and Qualitative Data

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Inferential Testing

Topic overview The sign test Probability and significance Factors affecting the choice of statistical test

Issues and Debates in Psychology

Topic overview Gender and culture in Psychology Free will and determinism The nature-nurture debate Holism and reductionism Idiographic and nomothetic approaches Ethical implications of research and social sensitivity

RelationshipsOption 1

Topic overview Factors affecting attraction in romantic relationships Evolutionary explanations for partner preferences Theories of romantic relationships Online relationships Parasocial relationships

GenderOption 1

Topic overview Sex, gender, sex-role stereotypes and androgyny Chromosomes and hormones in biological sex Cognitive explanations of gender development Psychodynamic explanation of gender development Social learning theory as applied to gender development Gender incongruence

Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1

Topic overview Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development Piaget's theory of cognitive development Baillargeon's explanation of early infant abilities The development of social cognition

SchizophreniaOption 2

Topic overview Symptoms of schizophrenia and issues in diagnosis Biological explanations for schizophrenia Psychological explanations for schizophrenia Drug therapy for schizophrenia Psychological therapies for schizophrenia The interactionist approach to schizophrenia

Eating BehaviourOption 2

Topic overview Explanations for food preferences Neural and hormonal mechanisms in eating behaviour Biological explanations for anorexia nervosa Psychological explanations for anorexia nervosa Biological explanations for obesity Psychological explanations for obesity

StressOption 2

Topic overview The physiology of stress The role of stress in illness Sources of stress Measuring stress Individual differences in stress Managing and coping with stress

AggressionOption 3

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Forensic PsychologyOption 3

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AddictionOption 3

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Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3

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Explanations for Gambling AddictionOption 3

Topic overview Learning theory as applied to gambling, including reference to partial and variable reinforcement Cognitive theory as applied to gambling, including reference to cognitive bias

Clinical Psychology and Mental Health

Definitions in the field of mental health

6 things to know
Paper 2

Overview

How abnormality gets defined — straying from social norms, failing to cope day to day, falling short of ideal mental health against Jahoda's six criteria — and what is wrong with each approach.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Who and when

Whose six criteria define ideal mental health, and what are they?

Evaluation

Give two problems with defining abnormality as deviation from ideal mental health.

Key term

How does deviation from social norms define abnormality?

Key term

How is abnormality defined by failure to function adequately?

Numbers

Where does the statistical infrequency definition place its cut-off for abnormality?

Evaluation

Evaluate the statistical infrequency definition of abnormality.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What does the definition of 'deviation from ideal mental health' mean when classifying abnormality?
Model answer
Abnormality is defined as the absence of criteria associated with optimal psychological wellbeing, such as self-actualisation, autonomy, accurate perception of reality, and resistance to stress.
2
In the context of ideal mental health, what is meant by self-actualisation?
Model answer
Self-actualisation refers to realising one's full potential and achieving personal growth as a criterion for optimal psychological wellbeing.
3
How is autonomy defined as a criterion for ideal mental health?
Model answer
Autonomy refers to being independent and self-regulating, able to make decisions without excessive reliance on others.
4
What does 'accurate perception of reality' mean as a criterion for ideal mental health?
Model answer
It means having a realistic view of the world and oneself, without significant distortion of perception.
5
How is resistance to stress defined within the ideal mental health framework?
Model answer
Resistance to stress refers to having effective coping mechanisms and the ability to manage anxiety and stressful situations.
6
What are positive self-attitudes in the context of ideal mental health?
Model answer
Positive self-attitudes involve having high self-esteem and a positive sense of identity.

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Social Influence

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Approaches in Psychology

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