Key term
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
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Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
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Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
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Forensic PsychologyOption 3
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Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Attachment
Caregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchrony
- 4 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
Reciprocity and interactional synchrony as the two forms of early caregiver-infant interaction, with Meltzoff and Moore's observations of imitation in very young babies.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What is interactional synchrony?
Study
What did Meltzoff and Moore observe in very young babies?
Evaluation
Evaluate research into caregiver-infant interactions.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is reciprocity in caregiver-infant interactions?
Model answer
A two-way, mutual process in which the caregiver and infant respond to and elicit responses from each other.
- 2
How does reciprocity resemble a conversation?
Model answer
Each responds to the other's signals and takes turns to elicit a response, like a 'dance'.
- 3
What is interactional synchrony?
Model answer
When the caregiver and infant mirror each other's actions and emotions in a coordinated, simultaneous way.
- 4
How does interactional synchrony differ from reciprocity?
Model answer
Synchrony involves simultaneous, mirrored actions, whereas reciprocity involves turn-taking responses.
- 5
What did Meltzoff and Moore find about interactional synchrony?
Model answer
Infants as young as two to three weeks appeared to imitate adults' facial expressions and gestures.
- 6
Why are caregiver-infant interactions thought to be important?
Model answer
Well-coordinated interactions are believed to lay the foundation for the developing attachment bond.
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