Key term
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Aggression
Social psychological explanations of human aggression
- 4 things to know
- Paper 3
Overview
The frustration-aggression hypothesis and Berkowitz's revision, social learning theory, de-individuation, and the SIDE model's challenge to it.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Who and when
How does social learning theory explain aggressive behaviour?
Key term
Define de-individuation and explain how it raises aggression.
Evaluation
How does the SIDE model challenge de-individuation explanations?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis propose about the relationship between frustration and aggression?
Model answer
It proposes that frustration always leads to some form of aggression, and that aggression is always caused by frustration.
- 2
Who originally proposed the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
Model answer
Dollard et al. (1939).
- 3
How is frustration defined in the context of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
Model answer
Frustration is any event or stimulus that prevents an individual from attaining a goal and its accompanying reinforcement.
- 4
What is catharsis in the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
Model answer
Catharsis is the process whereby engaging in aggressive behaviour reduces the arousal caused by frustration.
- 5
What is displacement in the context of aggression?
Model answer
Displacement occurs when aggression cannot be directed at the source of frustration and is instead redirected towards an alternative, safer target.
- 6
If someone is frustrated by their boss but cannot express aggression towards them, what might happen according to the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
Model answer
They may displace their aggression onto a safer target, such as a family member or pet.
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