Key term
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Inferential Testing
- 3 subtopics
- 15 things to know
- Paper 2
What Inferential Testing covers
Inferential Testing covers how psychologists decide whether a result is likely to be genuine: the sign test as the calculation on the specification, the meaning of probability and significance, and the factors that determine which statistical test applies. It sits within research methods and can be assessed on any of the three papers.
The 3 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- The sign testWhen the sign test is used, how the calculated value of S is worked out from the data, and how the hypothesis determines the comparison made.Open →
- Probability and significanceWhat the significance level represents, Type I and Type II errors, and what fixes the critical value a result is compared against.Open →
- Factors affecting the choice of statistical testThe three levels of measurement, the difference between related and unrelated designs, and which test fits each combination of the two.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Process
How is the sign test calculated?
Key term
How does the hypothesis affect which sign test is used?
Numbers
A study gives 17 plus signs and 13 minus signs. What is the calculated S?
Key term
What does the significance level p represent?
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What is a Type I error?
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Define a Type II error.
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What is a critical value, and what fixes it?
Process
How is an observed value compared with a critical value?
Evaluation
What raises the risk of each type of error?
Evaluation
Why does the choice of statistical test matter?
Key term
Name and define the three levels of measurement.
Key term
Which designs need a related test, and which need an unrelated one?
Process
Which test fits each combination of design and data level?
Key term
What conditions must be met before a parametric test can be used?
Take Inferential Testing further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Type I error vs Type II error
Type I error: rejecting a null hypothesis that is actually true, a false positive. Type II error: accepting a null hypothesis that is actually false, a false negative.
Repeated measures vs Matched pairs
Repeated measures: the same participants take part in every condition. Matched pairs: two participants similar on relevant characteristics, one placed in each condition.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the sign test?
Model answer
A non-parametric inferential statistical test used to determine whether there is a significant difference between two related conditions.
- 2
What type of research design is the sign test used with?
Model answer
Repeated measures or matched pairs designs.
- 3
What is the minimum level of measurement required for data to use the sign test?
Model answer
Nominal level of measurement.
- 4
Does the sign test look for a difference between conditions or a correlation between variables?
Model answer
A difference between conditions.
- 5
When calculating the sign test, what is the first step involving each participant's scores?
Model answer
Compare each participant's score in condition A with their score in condition B.
- 6
In the sign test calculation, what sign is assigned if a participant's score increased from condition A to condition B?
Model answer
A plus sign.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Inferential Testing revision questions
- What does Inferential Testing cover in AQA A-Level Psychology?
- 3 subtopics: the sign test, probability and significance and factors affecting the choice of statistical test. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Inferential Testing organised?
- By the AQA 7182 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Inferential Testing, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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