What does the definition of 'deviation from ideal mental health' mean when classifying abnormality?

Abnormality is defined as the absence of criteria associated with optimal psychological wellbeing, such as self-actualisation, autonomy, accurate perception of reality, and resistance to stress.

In the context of ideal mental health, what is meant by self-actualisation?

Self-actualisation refers to realising one's full potential and achieving personal growth as a criterion for optimal psychological wellbeing.

How is autonomy defined as a criterion for ideal mental health?

Autonomy refers to being independent and self-regulating, able to make decisions without excessive reliance on others.

What does 'accurate perception of reality' mean as a criterion for ideal mental health?

It means having a realistic view of the world and oneself, without significant distortion of perception.

How is resistance to stress defined within the ideal mental health framework?

Resistance to stress refers to having effective coping mechanisms and the ability to manage anxiety and stressful situations.

What are positive self-attitudes in the context of ideal mental health?

Positive self-attitudes involve having high self-esteem and a positive sense of identity.

AQA A-Level Psychology 7182

Social Influence

Topic overview Types of conformity and explanations for conformity Conformity to social roles: Zimbardo's prison study Explanations for obedience Resistance to social influence Minority influence Social influence and social change

Memory

Topic overview The multi-store model of memory Types of long-term memory The working memory model Explanations for forgetting Factors affecting the accuracy of eyewitness testimony

Attachment

Topic overview Caregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchrony Schaffer's stages of attachment Multiple attachments and the role of the father Animal studies of attachment Explanations of attachment Ainsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachment Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisation Influence of early attachment on relationships Cultural variations in attachment

Approaches in Psychology

Topic overview Origins of Psychology: Wundt, introspection and the emergence of Psychology as a science Learning approaches The cognitive approach The biological approach The psychodynamic approach Humanistic Psychology Comparison of approaches

Biopsychology

Topic overview Divisions of the nervous system Structure and function of neurons and synaptic transmission The endocrine system The fight or flight response Ways of studying the brain Localisation of function and hemispheric lateralisation Plasticity and functional recovery of the brain after trauma Biological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian

Clinical Psychology and Mental Health

Topic overview Definitions in the field of mental health Characteristics of phobias, depression and OCD Behavioural approach to explaining and treating phobias Cognitive approach to explaining and treating depression Biological approach to explaining and treating OCD

Research Methods

Topic overview Experimental method Observational techniques Self-report techniques Correlations Content analysis Case studies

Scientific Processes

Topic overview Aims and hypotheses Sampling Pilot studies Experimental designs Observational design Questionnaire construction and design of interviews Variables Control Demand characteristics and investigator effects Ethics Peer review Implications of psychological research for the economy Reliability Validity Features of science Reporting psychological investigations

Quantitative and Qualitative Data

Topic overview Quantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques Primary and secondary data, including meta-analysis Descriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion Presentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar charts Distributions: normal and skewed distributions Introduction to statistical testing; the sign test

Data Handling and Analysis

Topic overview Primary and secondary data Descriptive statistics Presentation and display of quantitative data Distributions Analysis and interpretation of correlation Levels of measurement Coding in content analysis

Inferential Testing

Topic overview The sign test Probability and significance Factors affecting the choice of statistical test

Issues and Debates in Psychology

Topic overview Gender and culture in Psychology Free will and determinism The nature-nurture debate Holism and reductionism Idiographic and nomothetic approaches Ethical implications of research and social sensitivity

RelationshipsOption 1

Topic overview Factors affecting attraction in romantic relationships Evolutionary explanations for partner preferences Theories of romantic relationships Online relationships Parasocial relationships

GenderOption 1

Topic overview Sex, gender, sex-role stereotypes and androgyny Chromosomes and hormones in biological sex Cognitive explanations of gender development Psychodynamic explanation of gender development Social learning theory as applied to gender development Gender incongruence

Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1

Topic overview Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development Piaget's theory of cognitive development Baillargeon's explanation of early infant abilities The development of social cognition

SchizophreniaOption 2

Topic overview Symptoms of schizophrenia and issues in diagnosis Biological explanations for schizophrenia Psychological explanations for schizophrenia Drug therapy for schizophrenia Psychological therapies for schizophrenia The interactionist approach to schizophrenia

Eating BehaviourOption 2

Topic overview Explanations for food preferences Neural and hormonal mechanisms in eating behaviour Biological explanations for anorexia nervosa Psychological explanations for anorexia nervosa Biological explanations for obesity Psychological explanations for obesity

StressOption 2

Topic overview The physiology of stress The role of stress in illness Sources of stress Measuring stress Individual differences in stress Managing and coping with stress

AggressionOption 3

Topic overview Neural and hormonal mechanisms in aggression Genetic factors in aggression Ethological and evolutionary explanations of aggression Social psychological explanations of human aggression Institutional aggression in prisons Media influences on aggression

Forensic PsychologyOption 3

Topic overview Offender profiling Biological explanations of offending behaviour Psychological explanations of offending behaviour Dealing with offending behaviour

AddictionOption 3

Topic overview Describing addiction Risk factors in the development of addiction Reducing addiction Prochaska's six-stage model of behaviour change Theory of planned behaviour as applied to reducing addiction

Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3

Topic overview Brain neurochemistry, including the role of dopamine Learning theory as applied to nicotine addiction, including reference to cue reactivity

Explanations for Gambling AddictionOption 3

Topic overview Learning theory as applied to gambling, including reference to partial and variable reinforcement Cognitive theory as applied to gambling, including reference to cognitive bias

Clinical Psychology and Mental Health

5 subtopics
23 things to know
Paper 2

What Clinical Psychology and Mental Health covers

Clinical Psychology and Mental Health is the specification's Psychopathology, the fourth topic of Paper 1. It covers the ways abnormality is defined, the characteristics of phobias, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and one explanation and treatment for each: behavioural for phobias, cognitive for depression and biological for OCD.

Where it is assessed

Paper 2

Psychology in Context.

Evaluation

What weakens the biological explanations of OCD?

Take Clinical Psychology and Mental Health further

The same content, four other ways.

Commonly confused

Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.

Systematic desensitisation vs Flooding
Systematic desensitisation: gradual exposure up an anxiety hierarchy while relaxed. Flooding: immediate prolonged exposure at maximum intensity without relaxation.
Deviation from social norms vs Deviation from ideal mental health
Deviation from social norms: behaviour breaking a society's unwritten rules. Deviation from ideal mental health: absence of qualities marking optimal psychological wellbeing.

Questions from this topic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What does the definition of 'deviation from ideal mental health' mean when classifying abnormality?
Model answer
Abnormality is defined as the absence of criteria associated with optimal psychological wellbeing, such as self-actualisation, autonomy, accurate perception of reality, and resistance to stress.
2
In the context of ideal mental health, what is meant by self-actualisation?
Model answer
Self-actualisation refers to realising one's full potential and achieving personal growth as a criterion for optimal psychological wellbeing.
3
How is autonomy defined as a criterion for ideal mental health?
Model answer
Autonomy refers to being independent and self-regulating, able to make decisions without excessive reliance on others.
4
What does 'accurate perception of reality' mean as a criterion for ideal mental health?
Model answer
It means having a realistic view of the world and oneself, without significant distortion of perception.
5
How is resistance to stress defined within the ideal mental health framework?
Model answer
Resistance to stress refers to having effective coping mechanisms and the ability to manage anxiety and stressful situations.
6
What are positive self-attitudes in the context of ideal mental health?
Model answer
Positive self-attitudes involve having high self-esteem and a positive sense of identity.

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Social Influence

Memory

Attachment

Approaches in Psychology

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Clinical Psychology and Mental Health revision questions

What does Clinical Psychology and Mental Health cover in AQA A-Level Psychology?: 5 subtopics: definitions in the field of mental health, characteristics of phobias, depression and ocd, behavioural approach to explaining and treating phobias, cognitive approach to explaining and treating depression and biological approach to explaining and treating ocd. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
How is Clinical Psychology and Mental Health organised?: By the AQA 7182 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.

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