Key term
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Approaches in Psychology
The cognitive approach
- 4 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Internal mental processes studied by inference, the role of schemas in shaping how information is processed, theoretical and computer models, and cognitive neuroscience.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What is a schema and how does it affect information processing?
Key term
What two kinds of model does the cognitive approach use?
Evaluation
Give one strength and one limitation of the cognitive approach.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What internal mental process does the cognitive approach study that involves interpreting sensory information from the environment?
Model answer
Perception.
- 2
Which internal mental process studied by the cognitive approach involves selectively focusing on certain stimuli while ignoring others?
Model answer
Attention.
- 3
What internal mental process does the cognitive approach study that involves encoding, storing, and retrieving information?
Model answer
Memory.
- 4
Which internal mental process studied by the cognitive approach involves the use of words and symbols to communicate?
Model answer
Language.
- 5
What internal mental process does the cognitive approach study that involves reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making?
Model answer
Thinking.
- 6
Why must cognitive psychologists infer mental processes rather than observe them directly?
Model answer
Because internal mental processes are private operations that cannot be directly observed; they can only be inferred from behaviour and self-report.
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