Process
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Gambling Addiction
Learning theory as applied to gambling, including reference to partial and variable reinforcement
- 6 things to know
- Paper 3
Overview
Operant conditioning applied to gambling, partial and variable ratio reinforcement and why they sustain the behaviour, and the role of environmental cues.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What is partial reinforcement, and why does it keep gambling going?
Key term
What is a variable ratio schedule in gambling?
Process
How do casino cues maintain gambling behaviour?
Evaluation
Give one strength of the learning explanation of gambling.
Process
How might gambling be learned from other people?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How does operant conditioning explain the development of gambling addiction?
Model answer
Gambling is reinforced by wins, which act as rewards and increase the likelihood that the behaviour will be repeated.
- 2
What acts as positive reinforcement in gambling?
Model answer
Winning money, together with the excitement and physiological arousal associated with a win.
- 3
How can gambling be negatively reinforced?
Model answer
Gambling can provide escape from anxiety, boredom or low mood, and the relief from these unpleasant states reinforces the behaviour.
- 4
What is partial reinforcement?
Model answer
When a behaviour is reinforced only some of the time rather than on every occasion.
- 5
Why is gambling an example of partial reinforcement?
Model answer
Gamblers do not win every time; wins occur only intermittently, yet the behaviour is still maintained.
- 6
How does partial reinforcement affect the persistence of gambling?
Model answer
Behaviour learned through partial reinforcement is more resistant to extinction, so gambling continues even through long runs of losses.
Other ways to work this
The same content, four other ways.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Every question in Explanations for Gambling Addiction, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
Or £46 a year, about £3.83 a month. Cancel anytime.