Who and when
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Approaches in Psychology
Origins of Psychology: Wundt, introspection and the emergence of Psychology as a science
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Wundt's laboratory, introspection as a method for studying conscious experience, and the criticisms that pushed psychology towards more objective methods.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What was the method Wundt used to study conscious experience?
Evaluation
Give one criticism of Wundt's method for studying the mind.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Who is regarded as the father of experimental psychology?
Model answer
Wilhelm Wundt.
- 2
When and where did Wundt open the first psychology laboratory?
Model answer
In 1879 in Leipzig, Germany.
- 3
Why was the opening of Wundt's laboratory significant?
Model answer
It marked the separation of psychology from philosophy and biology and the beginning of psychology as a distinct scientific discipline.
- 4
What is introspection?
Model answer
The systematic examination and reporting of one's own conscious thoughts, feelings and sensations.
- 5
How did Wundt use introspection?
Model answer
Participants were given controlled stimuli and asked to report their inner experiences in a structured, replicable way.
- 6
What is meant by describing Wundt's approach as 'structuralism'?
Model answer
He attempted to break down conscious experience into its basic structures or component parts.
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