Who and when
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Cognitive approach to explaining and treating depression
- 4 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Beck's cognitive theory of depression, Ellis's ABC model and the rigid demands at its centre, and how cognitive behaviour therapy challenges depressive thinking.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Who and when
What do A, B and C stand for in Ellis's model of depression?
Key term
What did Ellis call rigid demands built on 'must', 'should' and 'ought'?
Process
Describe how cognitive behaviour therapy challenges depressive thinking.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
According to Beck's cognitive theory, how do negative schemas develop?
Model answer
Negative schemas develop in early life through critical experiences with parents, teachers, or peers.
- 2
What is the negative view of the self in Beck's negative triad?
Model answer
Seeing oneself as helpless, worthless, and inadequate.
- 3
What characterises the negative view of the world in Beck's negative triad?
Model answer
Seeing the world as full of obstacles and failures.
- 4
How is the negative view of the future described in Beck's negative triad?
Model answer
Seeing the future as hopeless with continued hardship.
- 5
Name the three interconnected components of Beck's negative triad.
Model answer
Negative view of the self, negative view of the world, and negative view of the future.
- 6
How do negative schemas contribute to the maintenance of depression according to Beck?
Model answer
Negative schemas lead to cognitive biases that distort information processing, which maintains depression.
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