Process
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Behavioural approach to explaining and treating phobias
- 4 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
The two-process model of how phobias are acquired and maintained, why avoidance keeps them going, and systematic desensitisation and flooding as treatments.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Process
Why does avoidance keep a phobia going?
Process
Describe how systematic desensitisation treats a phobia.
Process
Describe how flooding treats a phobia.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
According to the two-process model, which type of learning explains how phobias are initially acquired?
Model answer
Classical conditioning explains how phobias are acquired.
- 2
In the two-process model, which type of learning explains how phobias are maintained over time?
Model answer
Operant conditioning explains how phobias are maintained.
- 3
In classical conditioning of a phobia, what happens when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus?
Model answer
The neutral stimulus becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus that produces fear.
- 4
What type of response does the unconditioned stimulus naturally produce in phobia acquisition?
Model answer
The unconditioned stimulus naturally produces a fear response (unconditioned response).
- 5
After conditioning, what does the previously neutral stimulus become?
Model answer
It becomes a conditioned stimulus.
- 6
What response does the conditioned stimulus produce after phobia acquisition?
Model answer
The conditioned stimulus produces a conditioned fear response.
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