Key term
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Biopsychology
Biological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
- 4 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Circadian, infradian and ultradian rhythms, the internal body clock's control of the sleep/wake cycle, and the effect of exogenous zeitgebers and of removing them.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Process
How does the internal body clock control the sleep/wake cycle?
Key term
What is an exogenous zeitgeber and what does it do?
Study
What happens to the sleep/wake rhythm without external time cues?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is a biological rhythm?
Model answer
A cyclical change in a biological system, governed by internal and external factors, that repeats over a set time period.
- 2
What is a circadian rhythm?
Model answer
A biological rhythm that occurs approximately once every 24 hours, such as the sleep/wake cycle.
- 3
Give an example of a circadian rhythm other than the sleep/wake cycle.
Model answer
The core body temperature rhythm, or the daily rhythm of hormone secretion such as cortisol.
- 4
What is an infradian rhythm?
Model answer
A biological rhythm with a period longer than 24 hours, occurring less than once a day, such as the menstrual cycle.
- 5
Give an example of an infradian rhythm.
Model answer
The menstrual cycle (about 28 days), or seasonal affective disorder as a yearly rhythm.
- 6
What is an ultradian rhythm?
Model answer
A biological rhythm with a period shorter than 24 hours, occurring more than once a day, such as the stages of sleep.
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