Process
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Attachment
Explanations of attachment
- 6 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
Learning theory's account of attachment through classical and operant conditioning, the cupboard love explanation, and the findings that undermine it.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Process
How does operant conditioning account for attachment formation?
Who and when
What is the 'cupboard love' explanation of attachment?
Evaluation
Give two findings that undermine learning theory explanations of attachment.
Who and when
What does monotropy mean in Bowlby's theory?
Evaluation
Give two criticisms of Bowlby's monotropic theory.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
According to learning theory, through which two conditioning processes does attachment form?
Model answer
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
- 2
In the classical conditioning explanation of attachment, what role does food play?
Model answer
Food is the unconditioned stimulus that naturally produces pleasure.
- 3
What is the unconditioned response in the classical conditioning model of attachment?
Model answer
Pleasure or satisfaction (produced naturally by food).
- 4
Before conditioning occurs, what type of stimulus is the caregiver in the classical conditioning explanation?
Model answer
A neutral stimulus.
- 5
How does the caregiver become a conditioned stimulus in the classical conditioning explanation of attachment?
Model answer
Through repeated pairing with food (the unconditioned stimulus), the caregiver becomes associated with pleasure.
- 6
Once conditioning has occurred, what response does the caregiver alone produce in the infant?
Model answer
A conditioned response of pleasure.
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