What are the three levels of parasocial relationship in the celebrity attitude scale?

Entertainment-social, intense-personal, and borderline-pathological.

Describe the entertainment-social level.

The least intense level, where celebrities are a source of entertainment and social interaction with friends.

Describe the intense-personal level.

A greater personal involvement, with obsessive feelings and intense thoughts about the celebrity.

Describe the borderline-pathological level.

The most extreme level, involving uncontrollable fantasies and behaviours, sometimes illegal.

What is the absorption-addiction model?

An explanation proposing that parasocial relationships arise from deficiencies in a person's life, leading to absorption in and addiction to a celebrity.

AQA A-Level Psychology 7182

Social Influence

Topic overview Types of conformity and explanations for conformity Conformity to social roles: Zimbardo's prison study Explanations for obedience Resistance to social influence Minority influence Social influence and social change

Memory

Topic overview The multi-store model of memory Types of long-term memory The working memory model Explanations for forgetting Factors affecting the accuracy of eyewitness testimony

Attachment

Topic overview Caregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchrony Schaffer's stages of attachment Multiple attachments and the role of the father Animal studies of attachment Explanations of attachment Ainsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachment Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisation Influence of early attachment on relationships Cultural variations in attachment

Approaches in Psychology

Topic overview Origins of Psychology: Wundt, introspection and the emergence of Psychology as a science Learning approaches The cognitive approach The biological approach The psychodynamic approach Humanistic Psychology Comparison of approaches

Biopsychology

Topic overview Divisions of the nervous system Structure and function of neurons and synaptic transmission The endocrine system The fight or flight response Ways of studying the brain Localisation of function and hemispheric lateralisation Plasticity and functional recovery of the brain after trauma Biological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian

Clinical Psychology and Mental Health

Topic overview Definitions in the field of mental health Characteristics of phobias, depression and OCD Behavioural approach to explaining and treating phobias Cognitive approach to explaining and treating depression Biological approach to explaining and treating OCD

Research Methods

Topic overview Experimental method Observational techniques Self-report techniques Correlations Content analysis Case studies

Scientific Processes

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Quantitative and Qualitative Data

Topic overview Quantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques Primary and secondary data, including meta-analysis Descriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion Presentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar charts Distributions: normal and skewed distributions Introduction to statistical testing; the sign test

Data Handling and Analysis

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Inferential Testing

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Issues and Debates in Psychology

Topic overview Gender and culture in Psychology Free will and determinism The nature-nurture debate Holism and reductionism Idiographic and nomothetic approaches Ethical implications of research and social sensitivity

RelationshipsOption 1

Topic overview Factors affecting attraction in romantic relationships Evolutionary explanations for partner preferences Theories of romantic relationships Online relationships Parasocial relationships

GenderOption 1

Topic overview Sex, gender, sex-role stereotypes and androgyny Chromosomes and hormones in biological sex Cognitive explanations of gender development Psychodynamic explanation of gender development Social learning theory as applied to gender development Gender incongruence

Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1

Topic overview Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development Piaget's theory of cognitive development Baillargeon's explanation of early infant abilities The development of social cognition

SchizophreniaOption 2

Topic overview Symptoms of schizophrenia and issues in diagnosis Biological explanations for schizophrenia Psychological explanations for schizophrenia Drug therapy for schizophrenia Psychological therapies for schizophrenia The interactionist approach to schizophrenia

Eating BehaviourOption 2

Topic overview Explanations for food preferences Neural and hormonal mechanisms in eating behaviour Biological explanations for anorexia nervosa Psychological explanations for anorexia nervosa Biological explanations for obesity Psychological explanations for obesity

StressOption 2

Topic overview The physiology of stress The role of stress in illness Sources of stress Measuring stress Individual differences in stress Managing and coping with stress

AggressionOption 3

Topic overview Neural and hormonal mechanisms in aggression Genetic factors in aggression Ethological and evolutionary explanations of aggression Social psychological explanations of human aggression Institutional aggression in prisons Media influences on aggression

Forensic PsychologyOption 3

Topic overview Offender profiling Biological explanations of offending behaviour Psychological explanations of offending behaviour Dealing with offending behaviour

AddictionOption 3

Topic overview Describing addiction Risk factors in the development of addiction Reducing addiction Prochaska's six-stage model of behaviour change Theory of planned behaviour as applied to reducing addiction

Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3

Topic overview Brain neurochemistry, including the role of dopamine Learning theory as applied to nicotine addiction, including reference to cue reactivity

Explanations for Gambling AddictionOption 3

Topic overview Learning theory as applied to gambling, including reference to partial and variable reinforcement Cognitive theory as applied to gambling, including reference to cognitive bias

Relationships

Parasocial relationships

4 things to know
Paper 3

Overview

The three levels of parasocial relationship, the absorption addiction model of celebrity worship, the attachment explanation, and the limitations of the research.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What is a parasocial relationship, and what three levels does it take?

Key term

Which model explains celebrity worship as compensation for what a life lacks?

Key term

How does attachment theory explain who forms parasocial relationships?

Evaluation

Give one limitation of research into parasocial relationships.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is a parasocial relationship?
Model answer
A one-sided relationship in which a person invests emotional energy in another, usually a celebrity, who is unaware of their existence.
2
What are the three levels of parasocial relationship in the celebrity attitude scale?
Model answer
Entertainment-social, intense-personal, and borderline-pathological.
3
Describe the entertainment-social level.
Model answer
The least intense level, where celebrities are a source of entertainment and social interaction with friends.
4
Describe the intense-personal level.
Model answer
A greater personal involvement, with obsessive feelings and intense thoughts about the celebrity.
5
Describe the borderline-pathological level.
Model answer
The most extreme level, involving uncontrollable fantasies and behaviours, sometimes illegal.
6
What is the absorption-addiction model?
Model answer
An explanation proposing that parasocial relationships arise from deficiencies in a person's life, leading to absorption in and addiction to a celebrity.

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Social Influence

Memory

Attachment

Approaches in Psychology

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Parasocial relationships

Overview

What you need to know

What is a parasocial relationship, and what three levels does it take?

Which model explains celebrity worship as compensation for what a life lacks?

How does attachment theory explain who forms parasocial relationships?

Give one limitation of research into parasocial relationships.

Questions from this subtopic

What is a parasocial relationship?

What are the three levels of parasocial relationship in the celebrity attitude scale?

Describe the entertainment-social level.

Describe the intense-personal level.

Describe the borderline-pathological level.

What is the absorption-addiction model?

Other ways to work this

What is inside Levo

The 3-step method, run for you

Cram a whole paper in one sitting

Blank Blitz makes facts automatic

Build It gets the exam shape right

Test It catches misconceptions

Brain Breaks between sessions

Every question in Relationships, on a schedule.