Key term
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Characteristics of phobias, depression and OCD
- 4 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
How phobias, depression and OCD show themselves in behaviour, feeling and thought, and what separates an obsession from a compulsion.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
State the behavioural, emotional and cognitive characteristics of depression.
Key term
Define obsessions and describe the emotions produced.
Key term
What are compulsions in obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What behavioural characteristic of phobias involves staying away from the feared object or situation?
Model answer
Avoidance behaviour – the individual deliberately avoids encountering the phobic stimulus.
- 2
Name three panic responses that may occur when a person with a phobia is confronted with the feared stimulus.
Model answer
Freezing, fleeing, and fainting.
- 3
What emotional characteristic of phobias describes fear that is out of proportion to the actual threat posed?
Model answer
Excessive and unreasonable fear that is disproportionate to the real danger of the stimulus.
- 4
Besides excessive fear, what unpleasant emotional state do individuals with phobias commonly experience in anticipation of the stimulus?
Model answer
Anxiety.
- 5
What term describes the intense feeling of fearful anticipation that phobic individuals experience before encountering the stimulus?
Model answer
Dread.
- 6
What cognitive characteristic of phobias involves holding beliefs about the feared stimulus that are not based on reality?
Model answer
Irrational beliefs about the phobic stimulus.
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