Process
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Gambling Addiction
- 2 subtopics
- 12 things to know
- Paper 3
- Paper 3, one topic chosen from the third option block
What Explanations for Gambling Addiction covers
Explanations for Gambling Addiction sits within the Addiction option for Paper 3. It covers the learning account, built on the reinforcement schedules that gambling runs on, and the cognitive account, built on the biases in how gamblers judge chance.
The 2 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Learning theory as applied to gambling, including reference to partial and variable reinforcementOperant conditioning applied to gambling, partial and variable ratio reinforcement and why they sustain the behaviour, and the role of environmental cues.Open →
- Cognitive theory as applied to gambling, including reference to cognitive biasCognitive bias in gambling, the gambler's fallacy, the illusion of control, and the way wins and losses are recalled and explained.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What is partial reinforcement, and why does it keep gambling going?
Key term
What is a variable ratio schedule in gambling?
Process
How do casino cues maintain gambling behaviour?
Evaluation
Give one strength of the learning explanation of gambling.
Process
How might gambling be learned from other people?
Key term
What is a cognitive bias?
Key term
What is the gambler's fallacy?
Key term
What is the illusion of control?
Key term
How do gamblers remember and explain their wins and losses?
Key term
Why do gamblers keep playing after a loss?
Evaluation
Evaluate the cognitive explanation of gambling addiction.
Take Explanations for Gambling Addiction further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Positive reinforcement vs Negative reinforcement
Positive reinforcement: a reward such as money or excitement added after the behaviour. Negative reinforcement: escape from an unpleasant state such as anxiety or boredom.
Gambler's fallacy vs Illusion of control
Gambler's fallacy: believing a run of one outcome makes the opposite more likely. Illusion of control: believing personal ritual or skill can affect a chance result.
Recall bias vs Self-serving bias
Recall bias: remembering wins while forgetting or rationalising losses. Self-serving bias: crediting wins to own skill and losses to bad luck.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How does operant conditioning explain the development of gambling addiction?
Model answer
Gambling is reinforced by wins, which act as rewards and increase the likelihood that the behaviour will be repeated.
- 2
What acts as positive reinforcement in gambling?
Model answer
Winning money, together with the excitement and physiological arousal associated with a win.
- 3
How can gambling be negatively reinforced?
Model answer
Gambling can provide escape from anxiety, boredom or low mood, and the relief from these unpleasant states reinforces the behaviour.
- 4
What is partial reinforcement?
Model answer
When a behaviour is reinforced only some of the time rather than on every occasion.
- 5
Why is gambling an example of partial reinforcement?
Model answer
Gamblers do not win every time; wins occur only intermittently, yet the behaviour is still maintained.
- 6
How does partial reinforcement affect the persistence of gambling?
Model answer
Behaviour learned through partial reinforcement is more resistant to extinction, so gambling continues even through long runs of losses.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Explanations for Gambling Addiction revision questions
- What does Explanations for Gambling Addiction cover in AQA A-Level Psychology?
- 2 subtopics: learning theory as applied to gambling, including reference to partial and variable reinforcement and cognitive theory as applied to gambling, including reference to cognitive bias. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Explanations for Gambling Addiction organised?
- By the AQA 7182 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Explanations for Gambling Addiction, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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