Key term
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Research Methods
Observational techniques
- 7 things to know
- Paper 2
Overview
Naturalistic and controlled observation, the behavioural categories that make recording possible, and event and time sampling with the drawbacks of each.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What are behavioural categories, and what must they be like?
Key term
What is event sampling, and what can go wrong with it?
Key term
Define time sampling and give its main drawback.
Evaluation
Evaluate covert observation.
Evaluation
Evaluate participant observation.
Key term
What is non-participant observation?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is naturalistic observation?
Model answer
Watching and recording behaviour in the setting where it would normally occur, without any intervention or manipulation by the researcher.
- 2
Define controlled observation.
Model answer
Watching and recording behaviour in an environment where certain variables have been regulated or manipulated by the researcher.
- 3
What is covert observation?
Model answer
Observation where participants are unaware they are being observed.
- 4
Define overt observation.
Model answer
Observation where participants know they are being observed.
- 5
What is participant observation?
Model answer
When the researcher becomes part of the group being studied and joins in their activities.
- 6
Define non-participant observation.
Model answer
When the researcher remains separate from the group and does not join in their activities.
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