Who and when
AQA A-Level Psychology 7182
Social Influence
Memory
Attachment
Topic overviewCaregiver-infant interactions: reciprocity and interactional synchronySchaffer's stages of attachmentMultiple attachments and the role of the fatherAnimal studies of attachmentExplanations of attachmentAinsworth's Strange Situation and types of attachmentBowlby's theory of maternal deprivation and effects of institutionalisationInfluence of early attachment on relationshipsCultural variations in attachment
Approaches in Psychology
Biopsychology
Topic overviewDivisions of the nervous systemStructure and function of neurons and synaptic transmissionThe endocrine systemThe fight or flight responseWays of studying the brainLocalisation of function and hemispheric lateralisationPlasticity and functional recovery of the brain after traumaBiological rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian
Clinical Psychology and Mental Health
Research Methods
Scientific Processes
Topic overviewAims and hypothesesSamplingPilot studiesExperimental designsObservational designQuestionnaire construction and design of interviewsVariablesControlDemand characteristics and investigator effectsEthicsPeer reviewImplications of psychological research for the economyReliabilityValidityFeatures of scienceReporting psychological investigations
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Topic overviewQuantitative and qualitative data; the distinction between qualitative and quantitative data collection techniquesPrimary and secondary data, including meta-analysisDescriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and measures of dispersionPresentation and display of quantitative data: graphs, tables, scattergrams, bar chartsDistributions: normal and skewed distributionsIntroduction to statistical testing; the sign test
Data Handling and Analysis
Inferential Testing
Issues and Debates in Psychology
RelationshipsOption 1
GenderOption 1
Cognition and DevelopmentOption 1
SchizophreniaOption 2
Eating BehaviourOption 2
StressOption 2
AggressionOption 3
Forensic PsychologyOption 3
AddictionOption 3
Explanations for Nicotine AddictionOption 3
Forensic Psychology
Biological explanations of offending behaviour
- 5 things to know
- Paper 3
Overview
Lombroso's atavistic form and its evaluation, twin and adoption evidence for inherited criminality, and the brain differences linked to violent offending.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Evaluation
Evaluate the atavistic form explanation of offending.
Key term
How do twin and adoption studies test inherited criminality?
Key term
Which brain differences have been linked to violent offending?
Evaluation
Why are biological explanations of offending judged incomplete?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Who proposed the atavistic form explanation of offending?
Model answer
Cesare Lombroso.
- 2
What is the atavistic form?
Model answer
The idea that criminals are a primitive, genetic throwback to an earlier stage of human evolution.
- 3
According to Lombroso, why do 'atavistic' individuals commit crime?
Model answer
They are biologically different and cannot adjust to the demands of civilised society, so crime is a natural tendency for them.
- 4
Give three physical features Lombroso associated with the atavistic criminal.
Model answer
A strong, prominent jaw, high cheekbones, and a heavy brow ridge (also asymmetrical face and extra fingers, toes or nipples).
- 5
What method did Lombroso use to develop his theory?
Model answer
He examined the facial and cranial features of Italian convicts, both living and dead.
- 6
Why is Lombroso regarded as important in criminology?
Model answer
He shifted the study of crime towards a more scientific, biological approach and away from purely moralistic explanations.
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