What is a repeated measures design?

An experimental design in which the same participants take part in all conditions of the experiment.

Define independent groups design.

An experimental design in which different participants are used in each condition of the experiment.

What is a matched pairs design?

An experimental design in which participants are paired based on key variables relevant to the study, with one member of each pair allocated to each condition.

Why does a repeated measures design control for participant variables?

Because the same people participate in all conditions, so individual differences cannot confound the results.

What are order effects and why are they a problem in repeated measures designs?

Order effects occur when performance in the second condition is affected by practice or fatigue from the first condition, potentially confounding results.

Why are order effects not a concern in independent groups designs?

Because each participant only experiences one condition, so there is no opportunity for practice or fatigue from one condition to affect performance in another.

AQA A-Level Psychology 7182

Social Influence

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Memory

Topic overview The multi-store model of memory Types of long-term memory The working memory model Explanations for forgetting Factors affecting the accuracy of eyewitness testimony

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Quantitative and Qualitative Data

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Issues and Debates in Psychology

Topic overview Gender and culture in Psychology Free will and determinism The nature-nurture debate Holism and reductionism Idiographic and nomothetic approaches Ethical implications of research and social sensitivity

RelationshipsOption 1

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Topic overview Symptoms of schizophrenia and issues in diagnosis Biological explanations for schizophrenia Psychological explanations for schizophrenia Drug therapy for schizophrenia Psychological therapies for schizophrenia The interactionist approach to schizophrenia

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Topic overview Learning theory as applied to gambling, including reference to partial and variable reinforcement Cognitive theory as applied to gambling, including reference to cognitive bias

Scientific Processes

Experimental designs

2 things to know
Paper 2

Overview

Repeated measures, independent groups and matched pairs, what each does about participant variables, and what each costs.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Compare repeated measures with independent groups on participant variables.

Key term

What does a matched pairs design achieve, and what does it cost?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is a repeated measures design?
Model answer
An experimental design in which the same participants take part in all conditions of the experiment.
2
Define independent groups design.
Model answer
An experimental design in which different participants are used in each condition of the experiment.
3
What is a matched pairs design?
Model answer
An experimental design in which participants are paired based on key variables relevant to the study, with one member of each pair allocated to each condition.
4
Why does a repeated measures design control for participant variables?
Model answer
Because the same people participate in all conditions, so individual differences cannot confound the results.
5
What are order effects and why are they a problem in repeated measures designs?
Model answer
Order effects occur when performance in the second condition is affected by practice or fatigue from the first condition, potentially confounding results.
6
Why are order effects not a concern in independent groups designs?
Model answer
Because each participant only experiences one condition, so there is no opportunity for practice or fatigue from one condition to affect performance in another.

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Social Influence

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