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Buddhism

The Four Noble Truths

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

The subtopic covers each of the Four Noble Truths in turn, including the three types of dukkha, tanha and the Three Poisons, differing views of nibbana and parinibbana, the doctor analogy and the teaching of the Dhammapada.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Name and explain three types of dukkha.

Key term

State the First Noble Truth.

Key term

State the Second Noble Truth.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    State the First Noble Truth.

    Model answer

    The First Noble Truth is dukkha, the truth that life involves suffering. Birth, illness, ageing and death all bring dukkha.

  2. 2

    Name and explain three types of dukkha.

    Model answer

    Ordinary suffering covers pain, illness and grief. The suffering of change is the loss felt when something good ends. The suffering of attachment comes from clinging to a self that keeps changing.

  3. 3

    State the Second Noble Truth.

    Model answer

    The Second Noble Truth is samudaya, the cause of suffering. Tanha, meaning craving, keeps a person tied to the cycle of rebirth.

  4. 4

    Define tanha.

    Model answer

    Tanha means thirst or craving. Buddhists identify craving for pleasure, craving for existence and craving for non-existence.

  5. 5

    Name the Three Poisons.

    Model answer

    The Three Poisons are ignorance, greed and hate. Buddhists treat these three as the roots of all unskilful action.

  6. 6

    Which animals represent the Three Poisons in Buddhist art?

    Model answer

    A pig stands for ignorance, a cockerel for greed and a snake for hatred. Tibetan Wheel of Life paintings show the three animals at the hub.

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