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Christianity

Sin, salvation and atonement

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

These questions define sin and original sin, salvation through law, grace and the Holy Spirit, justification by faith and the place of good works, and the atonement understood as sacrifice and as victory over evil.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Define sin.

Key term

What is original sin?

Key term

Which theologian developed the doctrine of original sin in the Western Church?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Define sin.

    Model answer

    Sin is any thought, word or action that goes against the will of God. Christians teach that sin damages a person's relationship with God.

  2. 2

    What is original sin?

    Model answer

    Original sin is the flawed human condition that Christians believe all people inherit. The idea comes from the disobedience of Adam and Eve in Genesis 3.

  3. 3

    Which theologian developed the doctrine of original sin in the Western Church?

    Model answer

    Augustine of Hippo developed the doctrine in the fourth and fifth centuries. Augustine taught that guilt as well as weakness passes to every human being.

  4. 4

    How does Eastern Orthodox teaching on inherited sin differ?

    Model answer

    Orthodox Christians speak of ancestral sin rather than original sin. Orthodox teaching says people inherit death and a tendency to sin, but not Adam's personal guilt.

  5. 5

    Which verse of Romans states that everyone has sinned?

    Model answer

    Romans 3:23 says that all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. The verse is used to argue that every person needs salvation.

  6. 6

    Define salvation.

    Model answer

    Salvation means being saved from sin and its consequences. Christians believe salvation restores a person's relationship with God and brings eternal life.

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