Key term
AQA GCSE Religious Studies A 8062
BuddhismReligion
Topic overviewThe life of the BuddhaThe Dhamma and the Three Marks of ExistenceThe human personality and human destinyThe Four Noble TruthsThe Eightfold Path and the Threefold WayPlaces of worship, puja and devotional practiceMeditation: samatha, vipassana and visualisationDeath, mourning and Buddhist festivalsKamma, rebirth, compassion and loving kindnessThe five precepts and the six perfections
ChristianityReligion
Topic overviewThe nature of God and the problem of evilThe Trinity and the role of Word and Spirit in creationThe incarnation, crucifixion, resurrection and ascensionSin, salvation and atonementResurrection, judgement, heaven and hellForms of worship and prayerBaptism and the meaning of sacramentHoly Communion and the EucharistPilgrimage, Christmas and EasterThe Church in the local and worldwide community
Catholic ChristianityReligion
Topic overviewThe Trinity and the Nicene CreedCreation, human dignity and stewardshipThe incarnation and redemptionLife after death: judgement, heaven, hell and purgatoryThe sacramental nature of reality and the sacraments of initiationThe eucharist and the sacraments of healing and servicePrayer, the Lord's Prayer and popular pietyPilgrimage and the Catholic funeral riteCatholic social teaching and loving our neighbourMission, evangelism and Catholic agencies
HinduismReligion
Topic overviewBrahman and the three features of the divineThe Tri-murti, the deities and avataraMatter, maya and Hindu cosmologyAtman, samsara, karma and mokshaDharma, the four aims and personal virtuesPlaces and focuses of worshipForms of worship: havan, puja, arati and darshanDiwali, Holi and pilgrimageThe four paths of yogaHindu environmental projects and charities
IslamReligion
Topic overviewTawhid and the six articles of faithThe nature of God: mercy, justice and AdalatAngels, predestination and human freedomAkhirah: resurrection, judgement, heaven and hellRisalah, the holy books and the imamateShahadah, the Five Pillars and the Ten Obligatory ActsSalah and its significanceSawm and zakah: fasting and almsgivingHajj: the pilgrimage to MakkahJihad and the festivals of Islam
JudaismReligion
Topic overviewThe nature of God and the ShekhinahThe Messiah, judgement and life after deathThe Covenant with Abraham and the Covenant at SinaiThe mitzvot, free will and key moral principlesThe synagogue and its featuresPublic worship, the Amidah and prayer in the homeShabbat in the home and the synagogueTenakh, Talmud and the dietary lawsBrit Milah, Bar and Bat Mitzvah, marriage and mourningRosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur and Pesach
SikhismReligion
Topic overviewThe Mool Mantar and the nature of GodGod as Creator and God's relationship with creationHuman life, the Sikh virtues and living as a gurmukhKarma, rebirth and the aim of muktiThe equality of all, sewa and the sangatThe gurdwara and its religious featuresPrayer in the home, nam japna and the akhand pathLangar and the gurdwara in the Sikh communityFestivals and visiting historical gurdwarasBirth and naming, Amrit Sanskar and the Five Ks
Theme A: Relationships and FamiliesTheme
Theme B: Religion and LifeTheme
Theme C: The Existence of God and RevelationTheme
Theme D: Religion, Peace and ConflictTheme
Topic overviewPeace, justice, forgiveness and reconciliationViolence, violent protest and terrorismReasons for war: greed, self-defence and retaliationThe just war theoryHoly war and religion as a cause of conflictNuclear weapons and weapons of mass destructionPacifism, peace-making and the victims of war
Theme E: Religion, Crime and PunishmentTheme
Theme F: Religion, Human Rights and Social JusticeTheme
Theme G: St Mark’s Gospel: The Life of JesusTextual studies
Topic overviewJohn the Baptist, the baptism and the temptationEarly miracles and the rejection at NazarethCaesarea Philippi and the transfigurationPassion predictions, true greatness and BartimaeusThe Last Supper and GethsemaneThe trials, the crucifixion and the empty tombThe titles of Jesus and the authority of Mark's gospel
Theme H: St Mark’s Gospel as a Source of Religious, Moral and Spiritual TruthsTextual studies
Topic overviewThe parables of the KingdomEntering the Kingdom: children, wealth and the greatest commandmentJesus and those his society rejectedFaith, giving and devotionThe call and mission of the disciplesThe cost of discipleship, and failureThe commission, and the authority of Jesus' teaching today
Hinduism
Brahman and the three features of the divine
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
These questions explain Brahman as nirguna and saguna, the spiritual worlds, the three features of the divine, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 3.9.1, and how Advaita, Dvaita and Vishishtadvaita differ on atman and Brahman.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What does nirguna Brahman mean?
Key term
What does saguna Brahman mean?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Define Brahman.
Model answer
Brahman is the ultimate reality that lies behind everything in the universe. Brahman is eternal, without beginning or end.
- 2
What does nirguna Brahman mean?
Model answer
Nirguna Brahman is Brahman without qualities or form. Hindus describe this as pure divine consciousness, beyond anything the mind can picture.
- 3
What does saguna Brahman mean?
Model answer
Saguna Brahman is God with qualities and form. Deities such as Vishnu, Shiva and Devi are saguna manifestations of the one reality.
- 4
Why do many Hindus prefer to worship saguna rather than nirguna Brahman?
Model answer
A God with form can be pictured, loved and addressed in prayer. Formless reality gives devotion nothing to hold on to.
- 5
What are the spiritual worlds in Hindu belief?
Model answer
The spiritual worlds are eternal realms where God is directly present. Vaishnavas name Vaikuntha and Shaivas name Kailasa as such realms.
- 6
Name the three features of the divine described in Hindu teaching.
Model answer
The divine is everywhere as non-personal Brahman. The divine is also within the heart of every being, and beyond as a personal loving God.
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