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Theme D: Religion, Peace and Conflict

The just war theory

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2

Overview

Students learn just war theory and the thinkers who developed it, its six conditions, criticisms of it and the challenge of modern weapons, Islamic conditions for war and who must not be harmed, and how it differs from pacifism.

What you need to know

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Key term

What is just war theory?

Key term

Which two Christian thinkers developed just war theory?

Key term

Name the six commonly listed conditions for a just war.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is just war theory?

    Model answer

    Just war theory is a set of conditions that a war must meet to be morally acceptable. A war that fails any condition is judged unjust.

  2. 2

    Which two Christian thinkers developed just war theory?

    Model answer

    Augustine of Hippo set out the earliest Christian version in the fifth century. Thomas Aquinas later developed it into a list of conditions.

  3. 3

    Name the six commonly listed conditions for a just war.

    Model answer

    A just war needs a just cause, lawful authority and right intention. War must also be a last resort, with a reasonable chance of success and proportionate force.

  4. 4

    What is meant by just cause?

    Model answer

    Just cause means the reason for fighting must be right, such as resisting an invasion. Greed or revenge does not count as a just cause.

  5. 5

    What is meant by lawful authority?

    Model answer

    Lawful authority means that only a proper government or ruler can declare war. A private group cannot start a just war.

  6. 6

    What is meant by right intention?

    Model answer

    Right intention means the aim must be to restore peace and justice. A war fought to gain territory or wealth fails the condition.

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