Key term
AQA GCSE History 8145
America, 1840–1895: Expansion and ConsolidationPeriod study
Topic overviewThe geography of North AmericaWhy the early settlers went west and the challenges they facedDealing with a different cultureIncreasing conflict on the PlainsThe background to the American Civil WarComing to terms with the MormonsThe aftermath of the American Civil WarThe continued settlement of the westThe resolution of ‘the Indian problem’ after 1865
America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and InequalityPeriod study
Topic overviewThe ‘Boom’Social and cultural developmentsA divided society: prohibition, organised crime and racial tensionAmerican society during the DepressionThe effectiveness of the New Deal on different groups in societyThe impact of the Second World WarPost-war American society and economyRacial tension and developments in the Civil Rights campaigns in the 1950s and 1960sAmerica and the ‘Great Society'
Conflict and Tension Between East and West, 1945–1972Wider world depth
Topic overviewThe end of the Second World WarThe Iron Curtain and the evolution of East-West rivalryThe significance of events in Asia for superpower relationsMilitary rivalries: the arms race and the space raceThe ‘Thaw’The building of the Berlin WallTensions over CubaCzechoslovakia and the Prague SpringEasing of tension
Conflict and Tension in Asia, 1950–1975Wider world depth
Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009Wider world depth
Conflict and Tension: The First World War, 1894–1918Wider world depth
Conflict and Tension: The Inter-War Years, 1918–1939Wider world depth
Elizabethan England, c1568–1603British depth
Topic overviewElizabeth I and her courtThe difficulties of a female rulerA ‘Golden Age’Poverty and the treatment of the poorEnglish sailors: Hawkins, Drake, Raleigh and circumnavigationReligious matters: Catholic plots and the threat to the settlementMary Queen of ScotsConflict with SpainThe historic environment of Elizabethan EnglandHistoric site: the Spanish Armada (2027)Historic site: Kenilworth Castle (2028)
Germany, 1890–1945: Democracy and DictatorshipPeriod study
Topic overviewKaiser Wilhelm and the difficulties of ruling GermanyImpact of the First World WarWeimar democracyThe impact of the DepressionThe failure of Weimar democracyThe establishment of Hitler’s dictatorshipNazi economic changes and the impact of warNazi social policy: women, youth, education, churches and racial persecutionNazi control: propaganda, the police state, opposition and resistance
Health and the People in Britain, c1000 to the Present DayThematic study
Topic overviewThe factors that shape this studyMedieval medicineMedical progressPublic health in the Middle AgesThe impact of the Renaissance on BritainDealing with diseasePrevention of diseaseThe development of Germ Theory and its impact on the treatment of disease in BritainA revolution in surgeryImprovements in public healthModern treatment of diseaseThe impact of war and technology on surgeryModern public health
Medieval England: The Reign of Edward I, 1272–1307British depth
Topic overviewHenry III’s legacyDevelopment of government, rights and justiceTrade, towns and villagesEducation and learningThe development of the legal systemMedieval warfare, tactics and technologyThe invasion and colonisation of WalesRelations with ScotlandThe historic environment of Medieval EnglandHistoric site: the Battle of Stirling Bridge (2027)Historic site: Acton Burnell Castle (2028)
Migration, Empires and the People in Britain, c790 to the Present DayThematic study
Topic overviewThe factors that shape this studyInvasion: the Vikings, the Danelaw and the North Sea EmpireA Norman Kingdom and ‘Angevin’ EmpireThe birth of English identitySugar and the CaribbeanColonisation in North AmericaMigrants to and from BritainExpansion in IndiaExpansion in AfricaMigrants to, from and within BritainThe end of EmpireThe legacy of EmpireBritain’s relationship with Europe and its impact
Norman England, c1066–c1100British depth
Topic overviewCauses of Norman ConquestMilitary aspects: Stamford Bridge, Hastings and Norman tacticsEstablishing and maintaining controlFeudalism and governmentEconomic and social changes and their consequencesThe Norman Church and Archbishop LanfrancNorman monasticism, learning and educationThe historic environment of Norman EnglandHistoric site: the Battle of Hastings (2027)Historic site: the White Tower (2028)
Power and the People in Britain, c1170 to the Present DayThematic study
Topic overviewThe factors that shape this studyConstraints on kingshipThe origins of parliamentMedieval revolt and royal authorityPopular uprisings against the CrownDivine Right and parliamentary authorityRoyal authority and the right to representationThe extension of the franchiseProtest and changeWorkers’ movements and the growth of trade unionismWomen’s rightsWorkers’ rightsMinority rights
Restoration England, 1660–1685British depth
Topic overviewCrown and ParliamentThe Catholic questionCharles II’s courtCrisis: the Great Plague of 1665 and the Fire of LondonRestoration cultureLand: the East India Company and overseas possessionsTrade: mercantilism, the Navigation Acts and the slave tradeWar: sea power and conflict with the DutchThe historic environment of Restoration EnglandHistoric site: the Dutch Raid on the Medway (2027)Historic site: St Paul's Cathedral (2028)
Russia, 1894–1945: Tsardom and CommunismPeriod study
Topic overviewRussia’s economy and societyNicholas II’s autocracy and the courtThe First World War and the collapse of Tsarist governmentThe Provisional GovernmentThe impact of Lenin's dictatorshipWar Communism, the Kronstadt Rising and the New Economic PolicyStalin the dictatorStalin's modernisation of the USSRImpact of the Second World War
Conflict and Tension in Asia, 1950–1975
Nixon’s War
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1 section B
Overview
Vietnamisation and peace with honour, Agent Orange and napalm, the heavier bombing of 1970 to 1972 and the Christmas bombing, the widening into Cambodia and Laos, and Nixon's visit to Beijing.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What did Nixon mean by peace with honour?
Key term
How did the bombing of 1970–1972 differ from the raids of the 1960s?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What was Vietnamisation?
Model answer
Nixon's policy of arming and training the South Vietnamese army to do the fighting while American soldiers were brought home.
- 2
What did Nixon mean by peace with honour?
Model answer
Getting out of the war without appearing to abandon an ally or to admit that the USA had been beaten.
- 3
What was Agent Orange used for?
Model answer
It was sprayed from aircraft to strip the jungle of its leaves and kill crops, robbing the guerrillas of cover and of food.
- 4
What lasting harm did Agent Orange do?
Model answer
It contained dioxin, which has been linked to cancers and to birth defects in Vietnamese children and in the children of veterans.
- 5
Why was napalm so feared?
Model answer
It was a petrol jelly dropped in firebombs that stuck to skin and went on burning, and it was almost impossible to put out.
- 6
How did the bombing of 1970–1972 differ from the raids of the 1960s?
Model answer
Nixon sent B-52 bombers against Hanoi and Haiphong and mined the harbours, striking the north harder than the earlier campaign had.
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