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Germany, 1890–1945: Democracy and Dictatorship

Nazi social policy: women, youth, education, churches and racial persecution

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1 section A

Overview

Nazi views of women and the drive for larger families, the Hitler Youth and the League of German Maidens, the Nazified schools, the agreement with the Pope, the Reich Church and Martin Niemöller, the idea of the Aryan race, the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 and the Final Solution.

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Key term

How were German schools changed to serve the regime?

Key term

How were German couples encouraged to have more children?

Key term

What were girls in the League of German Maidens expected to learn?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What place did Nazi teaching assign to a German woman?

    Model answer

    Children, church and kitchen: she was to leave paid work to men, marry a racially suitable husband and raise a large family, and she was discouraged from make-up, trousers and slimming.

  2. 2

    How were German couples encouraged to have more children?

    Model answer

    Newly-weds could take a loan that shrank by a quarter with each baby born, and mothers were awarded the Mother's Cross in bronze, silver and gold for four, six and eight children.

  3. 3

    What did boys do in the Hitler Youth, and what was it really training them for?

    Model answer

    Marching, camping, map-reading, shooting and war games wrapped in Nazi teaching, all of it preparing them to obey orders and to serve as soldiers.

  4. 4

    What were girls in the League of German Maidens expected to learn?

    Model answer

    Physical fitness, marching and camping alongside cooking, sewing and childcare, so that they would grow into healthy mothers of many children.

  5. 5

    How were German schools changed to serve the regime?

    Model answer

    Physical training took a large share of the timetable, a new subject taught racial theory, and history, biology and geography were rewritten around German grievances and the idea of a superior race; teachers had to join a Nazi league and disloyal ones were dismissed.

  6. 6

    How did Hitler try to bring the churches to heel?

    Model answer

    He signed an agreement with the Pope in 1933 promising Catholics freedom of worship if the Church kept out of politics, and he pushed the Protestant congregations into a single Reich Church under a Nazi bishop.

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