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Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009

Al-Qaeda and the 11 September attacks

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1 section B

Overview

What Al-Qaeda's name means, Osama bin Laden, what the group wanted of the West and Arab governments, the declaration of 1998, the embassy and USS Cole attacks, and the hijackings of 11 September 2001.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started
Who and when

Who was Osama bin Laden?

Who and when

What did bin Laden's declaration of 1998 tell Muslims to do?

Numbers

Which American targets did Al-Qaeda strike before 2001?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What does the name Al-Qaeda mean, and when was the group founded?

    Model answer

    It means 'the base', and it was founded in 1988 out of the Arab volunteers who had fought the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan.

  2. 2

    Who was Osama bin Laden?

    Model answer

    The son of a Saudi construction millionaire, who used his inherited wealth to found and lead Al-Qaeda.

  3. 3

    What did Al-Qaeda most want western states to do?

    Model answer

    Take their troops and their influence out of Muslim lands, above all out of Saudi Arabia, where the holiest sites of Islam stand.

  4. 4

    What did Al-Qaeda want to happen to Arab governments friendly to the West?

    Model answer

    They were to be overthrown and replaced by rule under strict Islamic law, restoring a single Muslim state under a caliph.

  5. 5

    Why did bin Laden turn against the Saudi royal family?

    Model answer

    It admitted American troops onto Saudi soil in 1990 rather than accept his offer of Arab fighters, and it took away his citizenship in 1994.

  6. 6

    What did bin Laden's declaration of 1998 tell Muslims to do?

    Model answer

    To kill Americans and their allies, civilians included, wherever they could be found.

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