Why did the Normans place their castles where they did?

They chose river crossings, roads, coasts, high ground and existing towns so that a garrison could control movement and overawe the population.

What should you be able to say about the function of the site you have studied?

What it was built to do, whether that purpose changed over time, and whether it also served as a home, a stronghold, a place of worship or a centre of government.

What purposes could a single Norman site serve at once?

Defence against attack, a base for controlling the surrounding district, a lord's residence, and a visible statement of Norman power.

What should you be able to say about the structure of the site you have studied?

Its materials, its layout, how it was defended or supported, and how far the building standing today has been altered since.

Describe the structure of a motte-and-bailey castle.

A tower stood on a raised mound of earth, joined to an enclosed yard below, with the whole ringed by a ditch and a wooden palisade.

AQA GCSE History 8145

America, 1840–1895: Expansion and ConsolidationPeriod study

Topic overview The geography of North America Why the early settlers went west and the challenges they faced Dealing with a different culture Increasing conflict on the Plains The background to the American Civil War Coming to terms with the Mormons The aftermath of the American Civil War The continued settlement of the west The resolution of ‘the Indian problem’ after 1865

America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and InequalityPeriod study

Topic overview The ‘Boom’Social and cultural developments A divided society: prohibition, organised crime and racial tension American society during the Depression The effectiveness of the New Deal on different groups in society The impact of the Second World War Post-war American society and economy Racial tension and developments in the Civil Rights campaigns in the 1950s and 1960s America and the ‘Great Society'

Conflict and Tension Between East and West, 1945–1972Wider world depth

Topic overview The end of the Second World War The Iron Curtain and the evolution of East-West rivalry The significance of events in Asia for superpower relations Military rivalries: the arms race and the space race The ‘Thaw’The building of the Berlin Wall Tensions over Cuba Czechoslovakia and the Prague Spring Easing of tension

Conflict and Tension in Asia, 1950–1975Wider world depth

Topic overview The causes of the Korean War The development of the Korean War The end of the Korean War The end of French colonial rule US involvement in Vietnam under Eisenhower and Kennedy Johnson’s War Nixon’s War Opposition to the Vietnam War The end of the war

Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009Wider world depth

Topic overview Regional instability The Gulf War, 1990 Al-Qaeda and the 11 September attacks Afghanistan and the Taliban regime Bush’s war against terror Saddam Hussein's regime The invasion of Iraq 2003 The impact of war on the Iraqi people and across the world

Conflict and Tension: The First World War, 1894–1918Wider world depth

Topic overview The Alliance System Anglo-German rivalry Outbreak of war The Schlieffen Plan The Western Front The wider war: other fronts, Gallipoli and the war at sea Changes in the Allied Forces Military developments in 1918 and their contribution to Germany’s defeat Germany surrenders

Conflict and Tension: The Inter-War Years, 1918–1939Wider world depth

Topic overview The armistice The Versailles Settlement Impact of the treaty and wider settlement The League of Nations Diplomacy outside the League The collapse of the League The development of tension Escalation of tension The outbreak of war

Elizabethan England, c1568–1603British depth

Topic overview Elizabeth I and her court The difficulties of a female ruler A ‘Golden Age’Poverty and the treatment of the poor English sailors: Hawkins, Drake, Raleigh and circumnavigation Religious matters: Catholic plots and the threat to the settlement Mary Queen of Scots Conflict with Spain The historic environment of Elizabethan England Historic site: the Spanish Armada (2027)Historic site: Kenilworth Castle (2028)

Germany, 1890–1945: Democracy and DictatorshipPeriod study

Topic overview Kaiser Wilhelm and the difficulties of ruling Germany Impact of the First World War Weimar democracy The impact of the Depression The failure of Weimar democracy The establishment of Hitler’s dictatorship Nazi economic changes and the impact of war Nazi social policy: women, youth, education, churches and racial persecution Nazi control: propaganda, the police state, opposition and resistance

Health and the People in Britain, c1000 to the Present DayThematic study

Topic overview The factors that shape this study Medieval medicine Medical progress Public health in the Middle Ages The impact of the Renaissance on Britain Dealing with disease Prevention of disease The development of Germ Theory and its impact on the treatment of disease in Britain A revolution in surgery Improvements in public health Modern treatment of disease The impact of war and technology on surgery Modern public health

Medieval England: The Reign of Edward I, 1272–1307British depth

Topic overview Henry III’s legacy Development of government, rights and justice Trade, towns and villages Education and learning The development of the legal system Medieval warfare, tactics and technology The invasion and colonisation of Wales Relations with Scotland The historic environment of Medieval England Historic site: the Battle of Stirling Bridge (2027)Historic site: Acton Burnell Castle (2028)

Migration, Empires and the People in Britain, c790 to the Present DayThematic study

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Norman England, c1066–c1100British depth

Topic overview Causes of Norman Conquest Military aspects: Stamford Bridge, Hastings and Norman tactics Establishing and maintaining control Feudalism and government Economic and social changes and their consequences The Norman Church and Archbishop Lanfranc Norman monasticism, learning and education The historic environment of Norman England Historic site: the Battle of Hastings (2027)Historic site: the White Tower (2028)

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Russia, 1894–1945: Tsardom and CommunismPeriod study

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Norman England, c1066–c1100

The historic environment of Norman England

3 things to know
Paper 2 section B

Overview

How to write about a Norman site's location, function, structure, people and design, including why castles stood where they did, the motte-and-bailey plan, the Norman great church, round arches and heavy pillars, and what such buildings show about Norman power over the English.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What purposes could a Norman site serve, what design features mark it, and which kinds of site are studied?

Key term

What does the design of a site tell you about the relationship between Normans and the English?

Key term

What should you be able to say about the location of the site you have studied?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What should you be able to say about the location of the site you have studied?
Model answer
Where it stands, what the land and water around it are like, and why that particular spot was chosen for it.
2
Why did the Normans place their castles where they did?
Model answer
They chose river crossings, roads, coasts, high ground and existing towns so that a garrison could control movement and overawe the population.
3
What should you be able to say about the function of the site you have studied?
Model answer
What it was built to do, whether that purpose changed over time, and whether it also served as a home, a stronghold, a place of worship or a centre of government.
4
What purposes could a single Norman site serve at once?
Model answer
Defence against attack, a base for controlling the surrounding district, a lord's residence, and a visible statement of Norman power.
5
What should you be able to say about the structure of the site you have studied?
Model answer
Its materials, its layout, how it was defended or supported, and how far the building standing today has been altered since.
6
Describe the structure of a motte-and-bailey castle.
Model answer
A tower stood on a raised mound of earth, joined to an enclosed yard below, with the whole ringed by a ditch and a wooden palisade.

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America, 1840–1895: Expansion and Consolidation

America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and Inequality

Conflict and Tension Between East and West, 1945–1972

Conflict and Tension in Asia, 1950–1975

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