Which historic environment site is set for Edward I's reign in the 2027 exam?

AQA has set the Battle of Stirling Bridge, fought on 11 September 1297.

What happened during the battle?

The Scots seized the end of the bridge, cutting the English army in two. Those who had crossed were trapped and slaughtered or drowned, while Surrey, with the rest on the other side, could not help them and retreated.

What happened to Hugh de Cressingham at Stirling Bridge, and why is it remembered?

He was killed in the battle, and the Scots are said to have flayed his body and used his skin as trophies. The story shows how hated he was as Edward's tax collector in Scotland.

AQA GCSE History 8145

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Medieval England: The Reign of Edward I, 1272–1307

Historic site: the Battle of Stirling Bridge (2027)

3 things to know
Paper 2 section B

Overview

The 2027 historic environment site: Stirling's crossing of the Forth, how Wallace and Moray used the narrow bridge and boggy ground to defeat Surrey in September 1297, Cressingham's death, and what followed at Falkirk.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Process

Why was Stirling such an important location in the wars with Scotland?

Process

Who led each side at Stirling Bridge?

Process

How did the bridge and surrounding ground shape the battle?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Which historic environment site is set for Edward I's reign in the 2027 exam?
Model answer
AQA has set the Battle of Stirling Bridge, fought on 11 September 1297.
2
Why was Stirling such an important location in the wars with Scotland?
Model answer
Stirling stood at the lowest crossing of the River Forth, the main route between the south and the north of Scotland, under a castle on a rock. Whoever held it controlled movement through the heart of the kingdom.
3
Who led each side at Stirling Bridge?
Model answer
The Scots were led by William Wallace and Andrew Moray. The English army was commanded by John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, with Hugh de Cressingham, Edward's treasurer in Scotland.
4
How did the bridge and surrounding ground shape the battle?
Model answer
The wooden bridge was so narrow that only about two horsemen could cross side by side, and on the far bank was boggy ground in a loop of the river. The Scots waited on the high ground of the Abbey Craig and attacked when only part of the English army had crossed.
5
What happened during the battle?
Model answer
The Scots seized the end of the bridge, cutting the English army in two. Those who had crossed were trapped and slaughtered or drowned, while Surrey, with the rest on the other side, could not help them and retreated.
6
What happened to Hugh de Cressingham at Stirling Bridge, and why is it remembered?
Model answer
He was killed in the battle, and the Scots are said to have flayed his body and used his skin as trophies. The story shows how hated he was as Edward's tax collector in Scotland.

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