What was the Sicilian Business, and why did it cause a crisis?

Henry III accepted the crown of Sicily for his son Edmund and agreed to pay the Pope's enormous debts for it, then had to ask the barons for a tax so large that they refused.

Who was Simon de Montfort?

The Earl of Leicester, French-born and married to the king's sister, who became the leader of the barons opposed to Henry III and for a time ruled England in his name.

What happened at the Battle of Lewes in 1264?

Simon de Montfort defeated the royal army and captured both Henry III and his son Edward, which left him governing the kingdom in the captive king's name.

AQA GCSE History 8145

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Power and the People in Britain, c1170 to the Present Day

The origins of parliament

3 things to know
Paper 2 section A

Overview

Henry III's unpopularity and the Sicilian Business, Simon de Montfort, the Provisions of Oxford and why they failed, Lewes, the parliament of 1265 and why it was widened, Evesham, and the growth of the Commons.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Why were Henry III's barons dissatisfied with his rule?

Key term

What did the Provisions of Oxford of 1258 set up?

Key term

Why did the agreement of 1258 break down?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Why were Henry III's barons dissatisfied with his rule?
Model answer
He gave lands, offices and money to his French relatives and his wife's kinsmen, kept demanding taxes, and took advice from favourites instead of from the great magnates.
2
What was the Sicilian Business, and why did it cause a crisis?
Model answer
Henry III accepted the crown of Sicily for his son Edmund and agreed to pay the Pope's enormous debts for it, then had to ask the barons for a tax so large that they refused.
3
Who was Simon de Montfort?
Model answer
The Earl of Leicester, French-born and married to the king's sister, who became the leader of the barons opposed to Henry III and for a time ruled England in his name.
4
What did the Provisions of Oxford of 1258 set up?
Model answer
A council of fifteen chosen by the barons, without whose advice the king was not to act, and regular meetings of a parliament three times a year to review the government.
5
Why did the agreement of 1258 break down?
Model answer
Henry III got the Pope to release him from his oath and then asked Louis IX of France to judge the quarrel; Louis found wholly for the king, and civil war followed.
6
What happened at the Battle of Lewes in 1264?
Model answer
Simon de Montfort defeated the royal army and captured both Henry III and his son Edward, which left him governing the kingdom in the captive king's name.

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America, 1840–1895: Expansion and Consolidation

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Conflict and Tension Between East and West, 1945–1972

Conflict and Tension in Asia, 1950–1975

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