Who was Stigand and what happened to him?

He was the Archbishop of Canterbury whom the reformers regarded as uncanonical, and he was deposed and imprisoned in 1070.

Who was Lanfranc, and what post did he hold in England?

An Italian scholar and abbot from Normandy who was made Archbishop of Canterbury in 1070 and led the reform of the English Church.

What is simony, and why did reformers attack it?

It is the buying or selling of a position in the Church, which reformers attacked because it put spiritual office up for sale, so posts went to the rich rather than the worthy.

AQA GCSE History 8145

America, 1840–1895: Expansion and ConsolidationPeriod study

Topic overview The geography of North America Why the early settlers went west and the challenges they faced Dealing with a different culture Increasing conflict on the Plains The background to the American Civil War Coming to terms with the Mormons The aftermath of the American Civil War The continued settlement of the west The resolution of ‘the Indian problem’ after 1865

America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and InequalityPeriod study

Topic overview The ‘Boom’Social and cultural developments A divided society: prohibition, organised crime and racial tension American society during the Depression The effectiveness of the New Deal on different groups in society The impact of the Second World War Post-war American society and economy Racial tension and developments in the Civil Rights campaigns in the 1950s and 1960s America and the ‘Great Society'

Conflict and Tension Between East and West, 1945–1972Wider world depth

Topic overview The end of the Second World War The Iron Curtain and the evolution of East-West rivalry The significance of events in Asia for superpower relations Military rivalries: the arms race and the space race The ‘Thaw’The building of the Berlin Wall Tensions over Cuba Czechoslovakia and the Prague Spring Easing of tension

Conflict and Tension in Asia, 1950–1975Wider world depth

Topic overview The causes of the Korean War The development of the Korean War The end of the Korean War The end of French colonial rule US involvement in Vietnam under Eisenhower and Kennedy Johnson’s War Nixon’s War Opposition to the Vietnam War The end of the war

Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009Wider world depth

Topic overview Regional instability The Gulf War, 1990 Al-Qaeda and the 11 September attacks Afghanistan and the Taliban regime Bush’s war against terror Saddam Hussein's regime The invasion of Iraq 2003 The impact of war on the Iraqi people and across the world

Conflict and Tension: The First World War, 1894–1918Wider world depth

Topic overview The Alliance System Anglo-German rivalry Outbreak of war The Schlieffen Plan The Western Front The wider war: other fronts, Gallipoli and the war at sea Changes in the Allied Forces Military developments in 1918 and their contribution to Germany’s defeat Germany surrenders

Conflict and Tension: The Inter-War Years, 1918–1939Wider world depth

Topic overview The armistice The Versailles Settlement Impact of the treaty and wider settlement The League of Nations Diplomacy outside the League The collapse of the League The development of tension Escalation of tension The outbreak of war

Elizabethan England, c1568–1603British depth

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Germany, 1890–1945: Democracy and DictatorshipPeriod study

Topic overview Kaiser Wilhelm and the difficulties of ruling Germany Impact of the First World War Weimar democracy The impact of the Depression The failure of Weimar democracy The establishment of Hitler’s dictatorship Nazi economic changes and the impact of war Nazi social policy: women, youth, education, churches and racial persecution Nazi control: propaganda, the police state, opposition and resistance

Health and the People in Britain, c1000 to the Present DayThematic study

Topic overview The factors that shape this study Medieval medicine Medical progress Public health in the Middle Ages The impact of the Renaissance on Britain Dealing with disease Prevention of disease The development of Germ Theory and its impact on the treatment of disease in Britain A revolution in surgery Improvements in public health Modern treatment of disease The impact of war and technology on surgery Modern public health

Medieval England: The Reign of Edward I, 1272–1307British depth

Topic overview Henry III’s legacy Development of government, rights and justice Trade, towns and villages Education and learning The development of the legal system Medieval warfare, tactics and technology The invasion and colonisation of Wales Relations with Scotland The historic environment of Medieval England Historic site: the Battle of Stirling Bridge (2027)Historic site: Acton Burnell Castle (2028)

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Norman England, c1066–c1100British depth

Topic overview Causes of Norman Conquest Military aspects: Stamford Bridge, Hastings and Norman tactics Establishing and maintaining control Feudalism and government Economic and social changes and their consequences The Norman Church and Archbishop Lanfranc Norman monasticism, learning and education The historic environment of Norman England Historic site: the Battle of Hastings (2027)Historic site: the White Tower (2028)

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Russia, 1894–1945: Tsardom and CommunismPeriod study

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Norman England, c1066–c1100

The Norman Church and Archbishop Lanfranc

3 things to know
Paper 2 section B

Overview

The English Church before 1066 and Stigand's fall, Lanfranc's reforms against simony, married clergy and pluralism, Canterbury's authority over York, new cathedrals and Church courts, the tithe, William I's rules on the Papacy, William II's quarrel with Anselm, and the Investiture Controversy.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Evaluation

What criticisms were made of the English Church before 1066?

Key term

Name three abuses Lanfranc's councils set out to end.

Key term

How did Lanfranc settle the quarrel between the two English archbishops?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What criticisms were made of the English Church before 1066?
Model answer
Reformers complained that many priests were married, that offices were bought and sold, and that some bishops held several posts at once.
2
Who was Stigand and what happened to him?
Model answer
He was the Archbishop of Canterbury whom the reformers regarded as uncanonical, and he was deposed and imprisoned in 1070.
3
Who was Lanfranc, and what post did he hold in England?
Model answer
An Italian scholar and abbot from Normandy who was made Archbishop of Canterbury in 1070 and led the reform of the English Church.
4
Name three abuses Lanfranc's councils set out to end.
Model answer
Simony, the marriage of clergy, and the holding of more than one office by the same churchman.
5
What is simony, and why did reformers attack it?
Model answer
It is the buying or selling of a position in the Church, which reformers attacked because it put spiritual office up for sale, so posts went to the rich rather than the worthy.
6
How did Lanfranc settle the quarrel between the two English archbishops?
Model answer
He insisted that Canterbury held authority over York, so that the whole English Church answered to one head under the king.

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America, 1840–1895: Expansion and Consolidation

America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and Inequality

Conflict and Tension Between East and West, 1945–1972

Conflict and Tension in Asia, 1950–1975

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