Over what years was the Hundred Years’ War fought?

From 1337 to 1453, in bursts of campaigning separated by truces rather than as continuous fighting.

Which weapon gave English armies their advantage in those battles?

The longbow, shot in massed volleys by archers trained from boyhood, which could break a charge of armoured knights before it reached the line.

How did the long war with France sharpen a sense of being English?

A common enemy gave people something to define themselves against, and kings deliberately preached the war as a national cause to win taxes and recruits.

AQA GCSE History 8145

America, 1840–1895: Expansion and ConsolidationPeriod study

Topic overview The geography of North America Why the early settlers went west and the challenges they faced Dealing with a different culture Increasing conflict on the Plains The background to the American Civil War Coming to terms with the Mormons The aftermath of the American Civil War The continued settlement of the west The resolution of ‘the Indian problem’ after 1865

America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and InequalityPeriod study

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Topic overview The end of the Second World War The Iron Curtain and the evolution of East-West rivalry The significance of events in Asia for superpower relations Military rivalries: the arms race and the space race The ‘Thaw’The building of the Berlin Wall Tensions over Cuba Czechoslovakia and the Prague Spring Easing of tension

Conflict and Tension in Asia, 1950–1975Wider world depth

Topic overview The causes of the Korean War The development of the Korean War The end of the Korean War The end of French colonial rule US involvement in Vietnam under Eisenhower and Kennedy Johnson’s War Nixon’s War Opposition to the Vietnam War The end of the war

Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009Wider world depth

Topic overview Regional instability The Gulf War, 1990 Al-Qaeda and the 11 September attacks Afghanistan and the Taliban regime Bush’s war against terror Saddam Hussein's regime The invasion of Iraq 2003 The impact of war on the Iraqi people and across the world

Conflict and Tension: The First World War, 1894–1918Wider world depth

Topic overview The Alliance System Anglo-German rivalry Outbreak of war The Schlieffen Plan The Western Front The wider war: other fronts, Gallipoli and the war at sea Changes in the Allied Forces Military developments in 1918 and their contribution to Germany’s defeat Germany surrenders

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Topic overview The armistice The Versailles Settlement Impact of the treaty and wider settlement The League of Nations Diplomacy outside the League The collapse of the League The development of tension Escalation of tension The outbreak of war

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Migration, Empires and the People in Britain, c790 to the Present Day

The birth of English identity

3 things to know
Paper 2 section A

Overview

The Hundred Years' War, Crécy, Poitiers and Agincourt, the longbow, Joan of Arc, the end at Castillon, how the war sharpened Englishness, English replacing French, Parliament's gains, and what defeat left behind.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Numbers

Which English victories became famous at home?

Who and when

Who was Joan of Arc and what difference did she make?

Numbers

How did the fighting end, and what was England left holding?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Over what years was the Hundred Years’ War fought?
Model answer
From 1337 to 1453, in bursts of campaigning separated by truces rather than as continuous fighting.
2
Which English victories became famous at home?
Model answer
Crécy in 1346, Poitiers in 1356 and Agincourt in 1415.
3
Which weapon gave English armies their advantage in those battles?
Model answer
The longbow, shot in massed volleys by archers trained from boyhood, which could break a charge of armoured knights before it reached the line.
4
Who was Joan of Arc and what difference did she make?
Model answer
A peasant girl who believed God had sent her; she inspired the relief of Orléans in 1429 and the crowning of Charles VII, and the war turned France’s way from then on.
5
How did the fighting end, and what was England left holding?
Model answer
French victory at Castillon in 1453 ended it, and of all the conquests only Calais remained in English hands.
6
How did the long war with France sharpen a sense of being English?
Model answer
A common enemy gave people something to define themselves against, and kings deliberately preached the war as a national cause to win taxes and recruits.

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America, 1840–1895: Expansion and Consolidation

America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and Inequality

Conflict and Tension Between East and West, 1945–1972

Conflict and Tension in Asia, 1950–1975

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