Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009

What Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009 covers

Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009 is examined in Paper 1, Understanding the modern world. It covers regional instability, the Gulf War, 1990, al-Qaeda and the 11 September attacks, Afghanistan and the Taliban regime, Bush’s war against terror, Saddam Hussein's regime, the invasion of Iraq 2003 and the impact of war on the Iraqi people and across the world.

The 8 subtopics

Each one has its own page.

• Regional instabilityThe war between Iraq and Iran, Iraq's debts, army and chemical weapons, American and Soviet interest in the Gulf, western fears for oil and the Strait of Hormuz, and the Intifada.Open →
• The Gulf War, 1990The invasion of Kuwait, the Rumaila oilfield and the quarrel over quotas, the responses of Bush, Thatcher and the Security Council, the bombing and hundred-hour ground war, the ceasefire, and how Arab opinion divided.Open →
• Al-Qaeda and the 11 September attacksWhat Al-Qaeda's name means, Osama bin Laden, what the group wanted of the West and Arab governments, the declaration of 1998, the embassy and USS Cole attacks, and the hijackings of 11 September 2001.Open →
• Afghanistan and the Taliban regimeWhere the Taliban came from, Mullah Omar and the capture of Kabul, the rules on women, the punishments, the Bamiyan Buddhas, why Afghanistan was called a rogue state, the Hazaras, and the insurgency after 2001.Open →
• Bush’s war against terrorBush's demands of the Taliban and his war on terror, Blair's support, Operation Enduring Freedom and the Northern Alliance, the fall of Kabul and Kandahar, Tora Bora, the Bonn conference and Karzai's government.Open →
• Saddam Hussein's regimeSaddam Hussein's attacks on the Kurds in the Anfal campaign and at Halabja, the crushing of the Kurdish and Shia risings of 1991, the draining of the southern marshes, why Iraq was called a rogue state, the claimed links with Al-Qaeda, the weapons inspectors, the oil-for-food scheme and the divided great powers.Open →
• The invasion of Iraq 2003Resolution 1441, the inspectors and Hans Blix, the forty-five minute claim, Colin Powell's evidence, why there was no further resolution, the fall of Baghdad, the missing weapons, the protests, and Saddam Hussein's capture.Open →
• The impact of war on the Iraqi people and across the worldThe looting of Baghdad, the barring of Ba'athists and the disbanded army, the insurgency, Abu Ghraib, the sectarian war after Samarra, the handover and the elections, the Madrid and London bombings, and the surge.Open →

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Take Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009 further

The same content, four other ways.

Commonly confused

Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.

• Al-Qaeda vs Taliban

  Al-Qaeda: group founded in 1988 from the Arab volunteers who fought the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Taliban: movement of young Afghans from religious schools in Pakistan that took Kabul in 1996.

• Anfal campaign vs Halabja

  Anfal campaign: attack of 1987 to 1988 on the Kurds that levelled villages and killed tens of thousands. Halabja: Kurdish town bombed with chemical weapons by Iraqi aircraft in March 1988.

• Northern Alliance vs Fedayeen

  Northern Alliance: mainly Tajik and Uzbek Afghan opposition that fought beside the coalition in 2001. Fedayeen: irregular Iraqi fighters who harried the coalition advance in 2003.

Questions from this topic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   In which years was the war between Iraq and Iran fought?

   Model answer

   From 1980, when Iraq attacked, until the ceasefire of 1988.

2. 2

   Why did Saddam Hussein order the attack on Iran in 1980?

   Model answer

   He wanted control of the Shatt al-Arab waterway and Iran's oil-rich Khuzestan province, and thought Iran too weak to resist after its revolution.

3. 3

   What had eight years of fighting between Iraq and Iran achieved by 1988?

   Model answer

   Almost nothing: the border was unchanged, but perhaps a million people were dead and both economies were wrecked.

4. 4

   What financial burden did Iraq carry out of its war with Iran?

   Model answer

   Debts of tens of billions of dollars, much of it lent by Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, which Saddam Hussein wanted written off.

5. 5

   What did Saddam Hussein still possess in 1988 that alarmed his neighbours?

   Model answer

   A huge, battle-hardened army, which he kept mobilised instead of sending home after the ceasefire.

6. 6

   Which banned weapons did Iraq use against Iranian troops in the 1980s?

   Model answer

   Chemical weapons, including mustard gas and nerve agents.

What is inside Levo

Six ways to work the same material.

Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009 revision questions

What does Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009 cover in AQA GCSE History?

8 subtopics: regional instability, the gulf war, 1990, al-qaeda and the 11 september attacks, afghanistan and the taliban regime, bush’s war against terror, saddam hussein's regime, the invasion of iraq 2003 and the impact of war on the iraqi people and across the world. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.

How is Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009 organised?

By the AQA 8145 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.