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Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009

The impact of war on the Iraqi people and across the world

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1 section B

Overview

The looting of Baghdad, the barring of Ba'athists and the disbanded army, the insurgency, Abu Ghraib, the sectarian war after Samarra, the handover and the elections, the Madrid and London bombings, and the surge.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

How did the insurgency in Iraq develop after 2003, and how did George W. Bush answer it in 2007?

Key term

What happened in Baghdad in the days after Saddam Hussein's government collapsed in 2003?

Key term

What was the human cost of the fighting for ordinary Iraqis?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What happened in Baghdad in the days after the government collapsed?

    Model answer

    Looting swept the city, stripping ministries, hospitals and the National Museum, because no force had been prepared to keep order.

  2. 2

    What was the human cost of the fighting for ordinary Iraqis?

    Model answer

    Estimates of civilian deaths run into the hundreds of thousands, and millions were driven from their homes, many of them into Syria and Jordan.

  3. 3

    Which two decisions by the occupation authorities are blamed for feeding the insurgency?

    Model answer

    Barring Ba'ath party members from public jobs and disbanding the Iraqi army, which threw hundreds of thousands of trained men out of work.

  4. 4

    Who took part in the insurgency, and how did they fight?

    Model answer

    Former soldiers and Ba'athists, foreign volunteers of Al-Qaeda in Iraq and Shia militias, using roadside bombs, suicide attacks and kidnappings.

  5. 5

    What did the photographs from Abu Ghraib prison reveal in 2004?

    Model answer

    American guards abusing and humiliating Iraqi prisoners, which destroyed much of what remained of the coalition's moral standing.

  6. 6

    What set off the sectarian civil war of 2006–07?

    Model answer

    The bombing of the Shia shrine at Samarra in February 2006, after which Sunni and Shia militias drove each other out of mixed districts.

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