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Conflict and Tension: The First World War, 1894–1918

The wider war: other fronts, Gallipoli and the war at sea

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1 section B

Overview

The war of movement in the east and Tannenberg, Mesopotamia and Palestine, Churchill's case for Gallipoli, the failed naval attack and landings, the evacuation, Jutland, unrestricted submarine warfare and the convoys.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started
Numbers

In which theatres outside Europe did British and imperial troops fight the Ottoman Turks?

Key term

What went wrong with the naval attack on the Dardanelles in March 1915?

Key term

Why did the landings of April 1915 fail?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    How did the fighting in the east differ from the fighting in France?

    Model answer

    It stayed a war of movement across huge distances, in which German victories such as Tannenberg in 1914 destroyed whole Russian armies.

  2. 2

    In which theatres outside Europe did British and imperial troops fight the Ottoman Turks?

    Model answer

    Mesopotamia, where the British advanced on Baghdad, and Palestine, where they took Jerusalem in 1917.

  3. 3

    Who pressed hardest for the Gallipoli campaign, and what was it meant to do?

    Model answer

    Winston Churchill, who argued it would knock the Ottoman Empire out of the war, open a supply route to Russia and break the deadlock in the west.

  4. 4

    What went wrong with the naval attack on the Dardanelles in March 1915?

    Model answer

    Allied battleships were sunk or crippled by mines and shore batteries, so the fleet pulled back and the Turks were warned that a landing was coming.

  5. 5

    Why did the landings of April 1915 fail?

    Model answer

    The troops were pinned on narrow beaches below cliffs held by well-prepared Turkish defenders, and the fighting soon turned into trench warfare again.

  6. 6

    How did the Gallipoli campaign end?

    Model answer

    The Allies slipped away in December 1915 and January 1916, an evacuation carried out with almost no loss of life.

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