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Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009

The invasion of Iraq 2003

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1 section B

Overview

Resolution 1441, the inspectors and Hans Blix, the forty-five minute claim, Colin Powell's evidence, why there was no further resolution, the fall of Baghdad, the missing weapons, the protests, and Saddam Hussein's capture.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What did Security Council Resolution 1441 offer Iraq in November 2002?

Key term

Who led the UN weapons inspectors who returned to Iraq, and what did he ask for?

Key term

Why did the war begin without a further UN resolution?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What did Security Council Resolution 1441 offer Iraq in November 2002?

    Model answer

    A final opportunity to disarm and readmit UN inspectors, or face serious consequences.

  2. 2

    What did the International Atomic Energy Agency report about Iraq's nuclear work in 2003?

    Model answer

    Its inspectors found no sign that the programme had restarted, and showed that papers about uranium bought in Africa were forgeries.

  3. 3

    Who led the UN weapons inspectors who returned to Iraq, and what did he ask for?

    Model answer

    Hans Blix, who called Iraqi cooperation incomplete and asked for more months to finish the search.

  4. 4

    Which claim about Iraqi weapons was published in Britain in September 2002?

    Model answer

    That some could be launched within forty-five minutes of an order, a claim later shown to be unreliable.

  5. 5

    What did Colin Powell tell the Security Council in February 2003?

    Model answer

    That Iraq was concealing banned weapons and running mobile germ laboratories, evidence that did not survive later examination.

  6. 6

    Why did the war begin without a further UN resolution?

    Model answer

    France made plain that it would veto one, so the United States and Britain acted on the earlier resolutions instead.

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