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Health and the People in Britain, c1000 to the Present Day

Dealing with disease

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2 section A

Overview

The survival of bleeding and purging, cinchona bark, Culpeper's herbal, quackery, London's plague of 1665 and its searchers and plague doctors, the voluntary hospitals and dispensaries, the rise of the surgeons, and John Hunter.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Why is John Hunter remembered as the founder of scientific surgery?

Key term

Which new drug brought from abroad genuinely worked, and against what?

Numbers

What did Nicholas Culpeper publish, and why was it popular?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Which older treatments were still in use in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

    Model answer

    Bleeding, purging and remedies chosen to rebalance the humours, alongside charms and prayers, because nothing better had yet replaced the old explanation of illness.

  2. 2

    Which new drug brought from abroad genuinely worked, and against what?

    Model answer

    Bark from the cinchona tree of South America, later known as quinine, which relieved the fevers of malaria.

  3. 3

    What did Nicholas Culpeper publish, and why was it popular?

    Model answer

    The Complete Herbal in 1653, which set out plant remedies in English rather than Latin so that ordinary readers could treat themselves cheaply.

  4. 4

    What was quackery?

    Model answer

    The selling of useless or dangerous remedies by travelling salesmen who made extravagant promises, which no law or licence yet prevented.

  5. 5

    How did London respond to the plague of 1665?

    Model answer

    Infected houses were shut up for forty days with a red cross painted on the door, the dead were buried at night in mass pits, and those who could afford to fled the city.

  6. 6

    What did the searchers and the plague doctors do in 1665?

    Model answer

    Searchers, usually poor women, examined the dead to record what had killed them, while plague doctors wore heavy robes and beaked masks stuffed with herbs against bad air.

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