Who was Llywelyn ap Gruffudd?

The Prince of Wales, whose title Henry III had recognised in 1267 and who then refused five summonses to do homage to Edward.

Why did Edward march against Wales in 1277?

Because refusing homage was open defiance of his lordship; he declared Llywelyn a rebel and moved to enforce his authority.

How was the campaign of 1277 won almost without fighting?

Edward advanced along the north coast cutting a broad road as he went and seized Anglesey with its harvest, leaving Llywelyn facing starvation in the mountains until he submitted.

What did the Treaty of Aberconwy do to Llywelyn?

It left him his title but took away almost all his lands, penning him into Gwynedd west of the river Conwy.

AQA GCSE History 8145

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Medieval England: The Reign of Edward I, 1272–1307

The invasion and colonisation of Wales

3 things to know
Paper 2 section B

Overview

Llywelyn's refusal, the campaign of 1277 and the Treaty of Aberconwy, Dafydd's revolt and the second war, the Statute of Rhuddlan, the iron ring of castles and their English towns, and the cost of conquest.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Numbers

What did the conquest cost, and what were its lasting consequences?

Key term

What set off the second war in 1282?

Numbers

How did the war of 1282–83 end?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Who was Llywelyn ap Gruffudd?
Model answer
The Prince of Wales, whose title Henry III had recognised in 1267 and who then refused five summonses to do homage to Edward.
2
Why did Edward march against Wales in 1277?
Model answer
Because refusing homage was open defiance of his lordship; he declared Llywelyn a rebel and moved to enforce his authority.
3
How was the campaign of 1277 won almost without fighting?
Model answer
Edward advanced along the north coast cutting a broad road as he went and seized Anglesey with its harvest, leaving Llywelyn facing starvation in the mountains until he submitted.
4
What did the Treaty of Aberconwy do to Llywelyn?
Model answer
It left him his title but took away almost all his lands, penning him into Gwynedd west of the river Conwy.
5
What set off the second war in 1282?
Model answer
Llywelyn's brother Dafydd ap Gruffudd stormed Hawarden Castle on Palm Sunday, revolt spread across Wales and Llywelyn joined it.
6
How did the war of 1282–83 end?
Model answer
Llywelyn was killed in a skirmish near Builth in December 1282 and his head was sent to London; Dafydd was hunted down and executed in 1283, and the native line of princes ended with him.

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